Abstract
Abstract: This work addresses a microwave-assisted, NaCl–H 2 O/γ-valerolactone (GVL) solvent system for the co-production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and saccharides from cellulose, examining the effects of the solvent system (H 2 O/GVL), NaCl concentration and reaction time. Oligosaccharides and glucose were completely recovered in the aqueous phase and their yields varied between 4–67 and 0–16 wt%, respectively, while HMF was largely recovered in the organic phase, in a yield between 0 and 13 wt%. Increasing the proportion of H 2 O in the system promoted cellulose depolymerisation and increased the production of oligosaccharides and glucose. This latter underwent a further decomposition to yield HMF and carboxylic acids when long times were used. An increase in NaCl not only kinetically promoted cellulose decomposition, but also modified the solubility of cellulose decomposition products in the aqueous phase, thus playing a very important role on the products distribution within both phases. With a solvent system consisting of 67/33 vol% H 2 O/GVL, with 30 wt% NaCl at 220 °C for 18 min, it is possible to selectively convert 76% of the cellulose into a sugar-rich aqueous solution and a rich HMF organic phase. The former was made up of glucose (25%) and oligosaccharides (64%), while the later mainly comprised HMF (75%). This might help the development of new biomass pre-processing technologies, allowing the co-production of precursors for the chemical and biological industries. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
Original language | English |
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Number of pages | 18 |
Journal | Cellulose |
Early online date | 9 Mar 2019 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | E-pub ahead of print - 9 Mar 2019 |
Bibliographical note
© Springer Nature B.V. 2019. This is an author-produced version of the published paper. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher’s self-archiving policy. Further copying may not be permitted; contact the publisher for details.Keywords
- Cellulose
- Depolymerisation
- Microwaves
- NaCl
- Water
- γ-Valerolactone