A Review of Multimodal Hallucinations: Categorization, Assessment, Theoretical Perspectives, and Clinical Recommendations

Marcella Montagnese; Pantelis Leptourgos; Charles Fernyhough; Flavie Waters; Frank Laroi; Renaud Jardri; Simon McCarthy-Jones; Neil Thomas; Rob Dudley; John Paul Taylor; Daniel Collerton; Prabitha Urwyler

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa101

A Review of Multimodal Hallucinations: Categorization, Assessment, Theoretical Perspectives, and Clinical Recommendations

Marcella Montagnese, Pantelis Leptourgos, Charles Fernyhough, Flavie Waters, Frank Laroi, Renaud Jardri, Simon McCarthy-Jones, Neil Thomas, Rob Dudley, John Paul Taylor, Daniel Collerton, Prabitha Urwyler^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Psychology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Abstract

Hallucinations can occur in different sensory modalities, both simultaneously and serially in time. They have typically been studied in clinical populations as phenomena occurring in a single sensory modality. Hallucinatory experiences occurring in multiple sensory systems - multimodal hallucinations (MMHs) - are more prevalent than previously thought and may have greater adverse impact than unimodal ones, but they remain relatively underresearched. Here, we review and discuss: (1) the definition and categorization of both serial and simultaneous MMHs, (2) available assessment tools and how they can be improved, and (3) the explanatory power that current hallucination theories have for MMHs. Overall, we suggest that current models need to be updated or developed to account for MMHs and to inform research into the underlying processes of such hallucinatory phenomena. We make recommendations for future research and for clinical practice, including the need for service user involvement and for better assessment tools that can reliably measure MMHs and distinguish them from other related phenomena.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	237-248
Number of pages	12
Journal	Schizophrenia bulletin
Volume	47
Issue number	1
Early online date	9 Aug 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa101
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2021

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center.

Keywords

computational
hallucinations
multisensory
psychosis

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10.1093/schbul/sbaa101Licence: CC BY

A Review of Multimodal Hallucinations: Categorization, Assessment, Theoretical Perspectives, and Clinical Recommendations
© The Author(s) 2020.
Final published version, 667 KBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Montagnese, M., Leptourgos, P., Fernyhough, C., Waters, F., Laroi, F., Jardri, R., McCarthy-Jones, S., Thomas, N., Dudley, R., Taylor, J. P., Collerton, D., & Urwyler, P. (2021). A Review of Multimodal Hallucinations: Categorization, Assessment, Theoretical Perspectives, and Clinical Recommendations. Schizophrenia bulletin, 47(1), 237-248. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa101

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abstract = "Hallucinations can occur in different sensory modalities, both simultaneously and serially in time. They have typically been studied in clinical populations as phenomena occurring in a single sensory modality. Hallucinatory experiences occurring in multiple sensory systems - multimodal hallucinations (MMHs) - are more prevalent than previously thought and may have greater adverse impact than unimodal ones, but they remain relatively underresearched. Here, we review and discuss: (1) the definition and categorization of both serial and simultaneous MMHs, (2) available assessment tools and how they can be improved, and (3) the explanatory power that current hallucination theories have for MMHs. Overall, we suggest that current models need to be updated or developed to account for MMHs and to inform research into the underlying processes of such hallucinatory phenomena. We make recommendations for future research and for clinical practice, including the need for service user involvement and for better assessment tools that can reliably measure MMHs and distinguish them from other related phenomena.",

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Montagnese, M, Leptourgos, P, Fernyhough, C, Waters, F, Laroi, F, Jardri, R, McCarthy-Jones, S, Thomas, N, Dudley, R, Taylor, JP, Collerton, D & Urwyler, P 2021, 'A Review of Multimodal Hallucinations: Categorization, Assessment, Theoretical Perspectives, and Clinical Recommendations', Schizophrenia bulletin, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 237-248. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa101

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AU - Montagnese, Marcella

AU - Leptourgos, Pantelis

AU - Fernyhough, Charles

AU - Waters, Flavie

AU - Laroi, Frank

AU - Jardri, Renaud

AU - McCarthy-Jones, Simon

AU - Thomas, Neil

AU - Dudley, Rob

AU - Taylor, John Paul

AU - Collerton, Daniel

AU - Urwyler, Prabitha

PY - 2021/1/1

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N2 - Hallucinations can occur in different sensory modalities, both simultaneously and serially in time. They have typically been studied in clinical populations as phenomena occurring in a single sensory modality. Hallucinatory experiences occurring in multiple sensory systems - multimodal hallucinations (MMHs) - are more prevalent than previously thought and may have greater adverse impact than unimodal ones, but they remain relatively underresearched. Here, we review and discuss: (1) the definition and categorization of both serial and simultaneous MMHs, (2) available assessment tools and how they can be improved, and (3) the explanatory power that current hallucination theories have for MMHs. Overall, we suggest that current models need to be updated or developed to account for MMHs and to inform research into the underlying processes of such hallucinatory phenomena. We make recommendations for future research and for clinical practice, including the need for service user involvement and for better assessment tools that can reliably measure MMHs and distinguish them from other related phenomena.

AB - Hallucinations can occur in different sensory modalities, both simultaneously and serially in time. They have typically been studied in clinical populations as phenomena occurring in a single sensory modality. Hallucinatory experiences occurring in multiple sensory systems - multimodal hallucinations (MMHs) - are more prevalent than previously thought and may have greater adverse impact than unimodal ones, but they remain relatively underresearched. Here, we review and discuss: (1) the definition and categorization of both serial and simultaneous MMHs, (2) available assessment tools and how they can be improved, and (3) the explanatory power that current hallucination theories have for MMHs. Overall, we suggest that current models need to be updated or developed to account for MMHs and to inform research into the underlying processes of such hallucinatory phenomena. We make recommendations for future research and for clinical practice, including the need for service user involvement and for better assessment tools that can reliably measure MMHs and distinguish them from other related phenomena.

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A Review of Multimodal Hallucinations: Categorization, Assessment, Theoretical Perspectives, and Clinical Recommendations

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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