@article{e6da6253f2904b47b2a958cee09ef772,
title = "Broad and strong memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent individuals following COVID-19",
abstract = "The development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines and therapeutics will depend on understanding viral immunity. We studied T cell memory in 42 patients following recovery from COVID-19 (28 with mild disease and 14 with severe disease) and 16 unexposed donors, using interferon-γ-based assays with peptides spanning SARS-CoV-2 except ORF1. The breadth and magnitude of T cell responses were significantly higher in severe as compared with mild cases. Total and spike-specific T cell responses correlated with spike-specific antibody responses. We identified 41 peptides containing CD4+ and/or CD8+ epitopes, including six immunodominant regions. Six optimized CD8+ epitopes were defined, with peptide-MHC pentamer-positive cells displaying the central and effector memory phenotype. In mild cases, higher proportions of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells were observed. The identification of T cell responses associated with milder disease will support an understanding of protective immunity and highlights the potential of including non-spike proteins within future COVID-19 vaccine design.",
author = "{Oxford Immunology Network Covid-19 Response T cell Consortium} and Yanchun Peng and Mentzer, {Alexander J} and Guihai Liu and Xuan Yao and Zixi Yin and Danning Dong and Wanwisa Dejnirattisai and Timothy Rostron and Piyada Supasa and Chang Liu and C{\'e}sar L{\'o}pez-Camacho and Jose Slon-Campos and Yuguang Zhao and Stuart, {David I} and Paesen, {Guido C} and Grimes, {Jonathan M} and Antson, {Alfred A} and Bayfield, {Oliver W} and Hawkins, {Dorothy E D P} and De-Sheng Ker and Beibei Wang and Lance Turtle and Krishanthi Subramaniam and Paul Thomson and Ping Zhang and Christina Dold and Jeremy Ratcliff and Peter Simmonds and {de Silva}, Thushan and Paul Sopp and Dannielle Wellington and Ushani Rajapaksa and Yi-Ling Chen and Mariolina Salio and Giorgio Napolitani and Wayne Paes and Persephone Borrow and Kessler, {Benedikt M} and Fry, {Jeremy W} and Schwabe, {Nikolai F} and Semple, {Malcolm G} and Baillie, {J Kenneth} and Moore, {Shona C} and Openshaw, {Peter J M} and Ansari, {M Azim} and Susanna Dunachie and Eleanor Barnes and John Frater and Georgina Kerr and Philip Goulder",
note = "{\textcopyright} The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. 2020. This is an author-produced version of the published paper. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher{\textquoteright}s self-archiving policy. Further copying may not be permitted; contact the publisher for details.",
year = "2020",
month = nov,
doi = "10.1038/s41590-020-0782-6",
language = "English",
volume = "21",
pages = "1336–1345",
journal = "Nature immunology",
issn = "1529-2908",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "11",
}