Criteria for adulthood, resilience, and self-esteem among emerging adults in Hong Kong: a path analysis approach

Shuyan  Yang; Petrus Ng; Renee Chiu; Sean Li; Rob Klassen; Susan Su

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105607

Criteria for adulthood, resilience, and self-esteem among emerging adults in Hong Kong: a path analysis approach

Shuyan Yang, Petrus Ng, Renee Chiu, Sean Li, Rob Klassen, Susan Su

Education

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Emerging adulthood refers to a developmental life stage between adolescence and adulthood. The period of emerging adulthood varies in pattern in different cultures and countries. For emerging adults, individual perceptions about entering into adulthood undergo tremendous changes. Furthermore, the impact of criteria for adulthood on psychological well-being in emerging adults is under-researched. Using a survey of 1,908 Hong Kong emerging adults aged 18–29 years, an integrated path model for self-esteem with resilience was established (TLI = 0.986; NFI = 0.991; CFI = 0.996; RMSEA = 0.021; SRMR = 0.018). The results show that resilience mediated the effects of family capacity (BetaFC-resilience–SE = 0.03, p < .05, BC bootstrap 95% CI = 0.00 to 0.08) and relational maturity (BetaRM-resilience –SE = 0.12, p < .001, BC bootstrap 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.15) on self-esteem. Role transformation was found to have a negative direct effect on self-esteem (BetaRT-resilience = −0.10, p < .001, BC bootstrap 95% CI = −0.15 to −0.05). However, norm compliance, biological transition, and legal transition were not associated with self-esteem or resilience among the sampled emerging adults. In addition, resilience mediated the relationship between gender, educational attainment, and parental educational level and self-esteem. Policymakers and social workers in Hong Kong should pay attention to criteria for adulthood among emerging adults, and tailor-made interventions and educational programs should be launched for parents and school teachers. For instance, training in knowledge of late adolescence and the characteristics of emerging adults should be implemented. Programs to enhance such positive traits as resilience and self-esteem among emerging adults in Hong Kong should be provided.

Original language	English
Article number	105607
Number of pages	8
Journal	Children and Youth Services Review
Volume	119
Early online date	15 Oct 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105607
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2020

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10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105607

Klassen EA path analysis-draft
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. This is an author-produced version of the published paper. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher’s self-archiving policy.
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Cite this

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title = "Criteria for adulthood, resilience, and self-esteem among emerging adults in Hong Kong: a path analysis approach",

abstract = "Emerging adulthood refers to a developmental life stage between adolescence and adulthood. The period of emerging adulthood varies in pattern in different cultures and countries. For emerging adults, individual perceptions about entering into adulthood undergo tremendous changes. Furthermore, the impact of criteria for adulthood on psychological well-being in emerging adults is under-researched. Using a survey of 1,908 Hong Kong emerging adults aged 18–29 years, an integrated path model for self-esteem with resilience was established (TLI = 0.986; NFI = 0.991; CFI = 0.996; RMSEA = 0.021; SRMR = 0.018). The results show that resilience mediated the effects of family capacity (BetaFC-resilience–SE = 0.03, p < .05, BC bootstrap 95% CI = 0.00 to 0.08) and relational maturity (BetaRM-resilience –SE = 0.12, p < .001, BC bootstrap 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.15) on self-esteem. Role transformation was found to have a negative direct effect on self-esteem (BetaRT-resilience = −0.10, p < .001, BC bootstrap 95% CI = −0.15 to −0.05). However, norm compliance, biological transition, and legal transition were not associated with self-esteem or resilience among the sampled emerging adults. In addition, resilience mediated the relationship between gender, educational attainment, and parental educational level and self-esteem. Policymakers and social workers in Hong Kong should pay attention to criteria for adulthood among emerging adults, and tailor-made interventions and educational programs should be launched for parents and school teachers. For instance, training in knowledge of late adolescence and the characteristics of emerging adults should be implemented. Programs to enhance such positive traits as resilience and self-esteem among emerging adults in Hong Kong should be provided.",

author = "Shuyan Yang and Petrus Ng and Renee Chiu and Sean Li and Rob Klassen and Susan Su",

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AU - Klassen, Rob

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