Effect of a Low-Calorie Dietary Intervention on Liver Health and Body Weight in Adults with Metabolic-Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Overweight/Obesity: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Laurence J Dobbie; Jamie Burgess; Azlinda Hamid; Sarah J Nevitt; Theresa J Hydes; Uazman Alam; Daniel J Cuthbertson

doi:10.3390/nu16071030

Effect of a Low-Calorie Dietary Intervention on Liver Health and Body Weight in Adults with Metabolic-Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Overweight/Obesity: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Laurence J Dobbie, Jamie Burgess, Azlinda Hamid, Sarah J Nevitt, Theresa J Hydes, Uazman Alam, Daniel J Cuthbertson

Centre for Reviews and Dissemination

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic-dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease. This review assessed the efficacy of a Low-Calorie Diet (LCD) on liver health and body weight in people living with MASLD and obesity.

METHODS: The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021296501), and a literature search was conducted using multiple databases. The key inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials or cohort studies, obesity/overweight and MASLD. Two authors screened abstracts, reviewed full texts and performed data extraction and quality assessment. The primary outcome was the change in the serum ALT, and secondary outcomes included the changes in the serum AST, intrahepatic lipid content (IHL), quantified non-invasively via MRI/MRS, and body weight.

RESULTS: Fifteen studies were included. The LCD reduced body weight by 9.1 kg versus the control (95%CI: -12.4, -5.8) but not serum ALT (-5.9 IU/L, -13.9, 2.0). Total Dietary Replacement (TDR) reduced IHL by -9.1% vs. the control (-15.6%, -2.6%). The Mediterranean-LCD for ≥12 months reduced ALT (-4.1 IU/L, -7.6, -0.5) and for 24 months reduced liver stiffness versus other LCDs. The Green-Mediterranean-LCD reduced IHL, independent of body weight. Limited studies assessed those of Black or Asian ethnicity, and there was heterogeneity in the methods assessing the liver fat content and fibrosis.

CONCLUSIONS: In people with MASLD and obesity, an LCD intervention reduces IHL and body weight. Trials should focus on the recruitment of Black and Asian ethnicity participants.

Original language	English
Number of pages	18
Journal	Nutrients
Volume	16
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16071030
Publication status	Published - 1 Apr 2024

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Adult
Humans
Overweight/complications
Body Weight
Obesity/complications
Fatty Liver
Metabolic Diseases

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10.3390/nu16071030Licence: CC BY

nutrients-16-01030-v2
© 2024 by the authors.
Final published version, 2.82 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Dobbie, L. J., Burgess, J., Hamid, A., Nevitt, S. J., Hydes, T. J., Alam, U., & Cuthbertson, D. J. (2024). Effect of a Low-Calorie Dietary Intervention on Liver Health and Body Weight in Adults with Metabolic-Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Overweight/Obesity: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 16(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16071030

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abstract = "INTRODUCTION: Metabolic-dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease. This review assessed the efficacy of a Low-Calorie Diet (LCD) on liver health and body weight in people living with MASLD and obesity.METHODS: The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021296501), and a literature search was conducted using multiple databases. The key inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials or cohort studies, obesity/overweight and MASLD. Two authors screened abstracts, reviewed full texts and performed data extraction and quality assessment. The primary outcome was the change in the serum ALT, and secondary outcomes included the changes in the serum AST, intrahepatic lipid content (IHL), quantified non-invasively via MRI/MRS, and body weight.RESULTS: Fifteen studies were included. The LCD reduced body weight by 9.1 kg versus the control (95%CI: -12.4, -5.8) but not serum ALT (-5.9 IU/L, -13.9, 2.0). Total Dietary Replacement (TDR) reduced IHL by -9.1% vs. the control (-15.6%, -2.6%). The Mediterranean-LCD for ≥12 months reduced ALT (-4.1 IU/L, -7.6, -0.5) and for 24 months reduced liver stiffness versus other LCDs. The Green-Mediterranean-LCD reduced IHL, independent of body weight. Limited studies assessed those of Black or Asian ethnicity, and there was heterogeneity in the methods assessing the liver fat content and fibrosis.CONCLUSIONS: In people with MASLD and obesity, an LCD intervention reduces IHL and body weight. Trials should focus on the recruitment of Black and Asian ethnicity participants.",

keywords = "Adult, Humans, Overweight/complications, Body Weight, Obesity/complications, Fatty Liver, Metabolic Diseases",

author = "Dobbie, {Laurence J} and Jamie Burgess and Azlinda Hamid and Nevitt, {Sarah J} and Hydes, {Theresa J} and Uazman Alam and Cuthbertson, {Daniel J}",

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Dobbie, LJ, Burgess, J, Hamid, A, Nevitt, SJ, Hydes, TJ, Alam, U & Cuthbertson, DJ 2024, 'Effect of a Low-Calorie Dietary Intervention on Liver Health and Body Weight in Adults with Metabolic-Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Overweight/Obesity: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis', Nutrients, vol. 16, no. 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16071030

Effect of a Low-Calorie Dietary Intervention on Liver Health and Body Weight in Adults with Metabolic-Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Overweight/Obesity: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. / Dobbie, Laurence J; Burgess, Jamie; Hamid, Azlinda et al.
In: Nutrients, Vol. 16, No. 7, 01.04.2024.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of a Low-Calorie Dietary Intervention on Liver Health and Body Weight in Adults with Metabolic-Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Overweight/Obesity

T2 - a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

AU - Dobbie, Laurence J

AU - Burgess, Jamie

AU - Hamid, Azlinda

AU - Nevitt, Sarah J

AU - Hydes, Theresa J

AU - Alam, Uazman

AU - Cuthbertson, Daniel J

PY - 2024/4/1

Y1 - 2024/4/1

N2 - INTRODUCTION: Metabolic-dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease. This review assessed the efficacy of a Low-Calorie Diet (LCD) on liver health and body weight in people living with MASLD and obesity.METHODS: The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021296501), and a literature search was conducted using multiple databases. The key inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials or cohort studies, obesity/overweight and MASLD. Two authors screened abstracts, reviewed full texts and performed data extraction and quality assessment. The primary outcome was the change in the serum ALT, and secondary outcomes included the changes in the serum AST, intrahepatic lipid content (IHL), quantified non-invasively via MRI/MRS, and body weight.RESULTS: Fifteen studies were included. The LCD reduced body weight by 9.1 kg versus the control (95%CI: -12.4, -5.8) but not serum ALT (-5.9 IU/L, -13.9, 2.0). Total Dietary Replacement (TDR) reduced IHL by -9.1% vs. the control (-15.6%, -2.6%). The Mediterranean-LCD for ≥12 months reduced ALT (-4.1 IU/L, -7.6, -0.5) and for 24 months reduced liver stiffness versus other LCDs. The Green-Mediterranean-LCD reduced IHL, independent of body weight. Limited studies assessed those of Black or Asian ethnicity, and there was heterogeneity in the methods assessing the liver fat content and fibrosis.CONCLUSIONS: In people with MASLD and obesity, an LCD intervention reduces IHL and body weight. Trials should focus on the recruitment of Black and Asian ethnicity participants.

AB - INTRODUCTION: Metabolic-dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease. This review assessed the efficacy of a Low-Calorie Diet (LCD) on liver health and body weight in people living with MASLD and obesity.METHODS: The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021296501), and a literature search was conducted using multiple databases. The key inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials or cohort studies, obesity/overweight and MASLD. Two authors screened abstracts, reviewed full texts and performed data extraction and quality assessment. The primary outcome was the change in the serum ALT, and secondary outcomes included the changes in the serum AST, intrahepatic lipid content (IHL), quantified non-invasively via MRI/MRS, and body weight.RESULTS: Fifteen studies were included. The LCD reduced body weight by 9.1 kg versus the control (95%CI: -12.4, -5.8) but not serum ALT (-5.9 IU/L, -13.9, 2.0). Total Dietary Replacement (TDR) reduced IHL by -9.1% vs. the control (-15.6%, -2.6%). The Mediterranean-LCD for ≥12 months reduced ALT (-4.1 IU/L, -7.6, -0.5) and for 24 months reduced liver stiffness versus other LCDs. The Green-Mediterranean-LCD reduced IHL, independent of body weight. Limited studies assessed those of Black or Asian ethnicity, and there was heterogeneity in the methods assessing the liver fat content and fibrosis.CONCLUSIONS: In people with MASLD and obesity, an LCD intervention reduces IHL and body weight. Trials should focus on the recruitment of Black and Asian ethnicity participants.

KW - Adult

KW - Humans

KW - Overweight/complications

KW - Body Weight

KW - Obesity/complications

KW - Fatty Liver

KW - Metabolic Diseases

U2 - 10.3390/nu16071030

DO - 10.3390/nu16071030

M3 - Review article

C2 - 38613063

SN - 2072-6643

VL - 16

JO - Nutrients

JF - Nutrients

IS - 7

ER -