TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of spruce-derived phenolics extracted using microwave enhanced pyrolysis on the oxidative stability of biodiesel
AU - Alwehaibi, Abdulrahman S.
AU - MacQuarrie, Duncan J.
AU - Stark, Moray S.
N1 - © 2016, The Royal Society of Chemistry. This is an author-produced version of the published paper. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher’s self-archiving policy. Further copying may not be permitted; contact the publisher for details
PY - 2016/5/7
Y1 - 2016/5/7
N2 - An investigation has been carried out to characterize and evaluate phenolic compounds of bio-oils produced by the microwave enhanced pyrolysis of spruce woodchips (picea abies) for their potential application in stabilizing biodiesel from autoxidation. Four extracts were isolated from the bio-oil through multi-fractionation steps using a liquid-liquid extraction method: water-soluble, neutral, phenolic and organic acids extracts. The crude bio-oil and the isolated extracts were characterized by GC-MS, GC-FID, total phenols by Folin-Ciocalteu assay, ATR-IR and 13C NMR. The antioxidative effect of the crude bio-oil, its isolated extracts and two significant phenolic components (eugenol and catechol) of the crude bio-oil were also investigated using methyl linoleate as a biodiesel model by means of a high temperature (120°C) oxidation test. The results show that methyl linoleate induction time increased after blending small amounts (1.4-5.6% w/w) of either the crude bio-oil or the isolated extracts. However, the crude bio-oil showed higher induction times in comparison with its isolated extracts, which was significant because the crude bio-oil contained a lower concentration of phenolic species (23% w/w), especially in comparison to the phenolic concentration in the phenolic extract (49.6% w/w). Furthermore, catechol was found to be very effective and was similar to crude bio-oil in the inhibition of methyl linoleate autoxidation, unlike eugenol, which was less effective at equivalent molar concentrations. Also, the effect of catechol and the crude bio-oil on methyl linoleate induction time was approximately comparable with a commercial antioxidant (butylated hydroxytoluene) when treated at equivalent molar concentration of phenols.
AB - An investigation has been carried out to characterize and evaluate phenolic compounds of bio-oils produced by the microwave enhanced pyrolysis of spruce woodchips (picea abies) for their potential application in stabilizing biodiesel from autoxidation. Four extracts were isolated from the bio-oil through multi-fractionation steps using a liquid-liquid extraction method: water-soluble, neutral, phenolic and organic acids extracts. The crude bio-oil and the isolated extracts were characterized by GC-MS, GC-FID, total phenols by Folin-Ciocalteu assay, ATR-IR and 13C NMR. The antioxidative effect of the crude bio-oil, its isolated extracts and two significant phenolic components (eugenol and catechol) of the crude bio-oil were also investigated using methyl linoleate as a biodiesel model by means of a high temperature (120°C) oxidation test. The results show that methyl linoleate induction time increased after blending small amounts (1.4-5.6% w/w) of either the crude bio-oil or the isolated extracts. However, the crude bio-oil showed higher induction times in comparison with its isolated extracts, which was significant because the crude bio-oil contained a lower concentration of phenolic species (23% w/w), especially in comparison to the phenolic concentration in the phenolic extract (49.6% w/w). Furthermore, catechol was found to be very effective and was similar to crude bio-oil in the inhibition of methyl linoleate autoxidation, unlike eugenol, which was less effective at equivalent molar concentrations. Also, the effect of catechol and the crude bio-oil on methyl linoleate induction time was approximately comparable with a commercial antioxidant (butylated hydroxytoluene) when treated at equivalent molar concentration of phenols.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84967143981&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1039/c5gc02520f
DO - 10.1039/c5gc02520f
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84967143981
SN - 1463-9262
VL - 18
SP - 2762
EP - 2774
JO - Green Chemistry
JF - Green Chemistry
IS - 9
ER -