Abstract
In this paper, a four-area interconnected multi area system with hybrid generating units is modelled for the study of automatic generation control (AGC). In systems where renewable energy are present, the inertia of the system decreases due to the absence of rotor or rotating force causing system instability. A virtual inertia control is introduced to the system to compensate the loss of inertia using the proposed novel controller named tilt double integral derivative with filter controller (TI-IDN). The proposed controller is tuned with Zebra optimization algorithm to improve the system response like settling time (ST), peak overshoot (POS) and peak undershoot (PUS). The superiority of the proposed controller is observed and damping ratio is improved by 93.31 %, 89.97 % and 31.03 % respectively by comparing with Integral, Tilt-Integral and Tilt integral derivative controller. Analysis reveals that VIC coordinated control enhances system dynamic performance. Finally, the robustness of the proposed control methodology is validated by performing sensitivity analysis during wide variations of system loading and system with communication Time delay.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 2764-2789 |
| Number of pages | 26 |
| Journal | Energy Reports |
| Volume | 13 |
| Early online date | 19 Feb 2025 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jun 2025 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2025 The Authors
Keywords
- Automatic generation control
- Deregulation
- Multi area system
- Virtual inertia control
- Zebra optimization algorithm