Faith-adapted psychological therapies for depression and anxiety: Systematic review and meta-analysis

TY - JOUR

T1 - Faith-adapted psychological therapies for depression and anxiety

T2 - Systematic review and meta-analysis

AU - Anderson, Naomi

AU - Heywood-Everett, Suzanne

AU - Siddiqi, Najma

AU - Wright, Judy

AU - Meredith, Jodi

AU - McMillan, Dean

N1 - Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

PY - 2015/5/1

Y1 - 2015/5/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: Incorporating faith (religious or spiritual) perspectives into psychological treatments has attracted significant interest in recent years. However, previous suggestion that good psychiatric care should include spiritual components has provoked controversy. To try to address ongoing uncertainty in this field we present a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of faith-based adaptations of bona fide psychological therapies for depression or anxiety.METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials were performed.RESULTS: The literature search yielded 2274 citations of which 16 studies were eligible for inclusion. All studies used cognitive or cognitive behavioural models as the basis for their faith-adapted treatment (F-CBT). We identified statistically significant benefits of using F-CBT. However, quality assessment using the Cochrane risk of bias tool revealed methodological limitations that reduce the apparent strength of these findings.LIMITATIONS: Whilst the effect sizes identified here were statistically significant, there were relatively a few relevant RCTs available, and those included were typically small and susceptible to significant biases. Biases associated with researcher or therapist allegiance were identified as a particular concern.CONCLUSIONS: Despite some suggestion that faith-adapted CBT may out-perform both standard CBT and control conditions (waiting list or "treatment as usual"), the effect sizes identified in this meta-analysis must be considered in the light of the substantial methodological limitations that affect the primary research data. Before firm recommendations about the value of faith-adapted treatments can be made, further large-scale, rigorously performed trials are required.

AB - BACKGROUND: Incorporating faith (religious or spiritual) perspectives into psychological treatments has attracted significant interest in recent years. However, previous suggestion that good psychiatric care should include spiritual components has provoked controversy. To try to address ongoing uncertainty in this field we present a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of faith-based adaptations of bona fide psychological therapies for depression or anxiety.METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials were performed.RESULTS: The literature search yielded 2274 citations of which 16 studies were eligible for inclusion. All studies used cognitive or cognitive behavioural models as the basis for their faith-adapted treatment (F-CBT). We identified statistically significant benefits of using F-CBT. However, quality assessment using the Cochrane risk of bias tool revealed methodological limitations that reduce the apparent strength of these findings.LIMITATIONS: Whilst the effect sizes identified here were statistically significant, there were relatively a few relevant RCTs available, and those included were typically small and susceptible to significant biases. Biases associated with researcher or therapist allegiance were identified as a particular concern.CONCLUSIONS: Despite some suggestion that faith-adapted CBT may out-perform both standard CBT and control conditions (waiting list or "treatment as usual"), the effect sizes identified in this meta-analysis must be considered in the light of the substantial methodological limitations that affect the primary research data. Before firm recommendations about the value of faith-adapted treatments can be made, further large-scale, rigorously performed trials are required.

KW - Psychological therapy

KW - Cognitive behavioural therapy

KW - Religion

KW - Spirituality

KW - Depression

KW - Anxiety

U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.019

DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.019

M3 - Article

C2 - 25723562

SN - 0165-0327

VL - 176

SP - 183

EP - 196

JO - Journal of affective disorders

JF - Journal of affective disorders

ER -