Fate, uptake, and distribution of nanoencapsulated pesticides in soil–earthworm systems and implications for environmental risk assessment

TY - JOUR

T1 - Fate, uptake, and distribution of nanoencapsulated pesticides in soil–earthworm systems and implications for environmental risk assessment

AU - Firdaus, Mohd Anuar Mohd

AU - Agatz, Annika

AU - Hodson, Mark E

AU - Al-Khazrajy, Omar S A

AU - Boxall, Alistair B A

N1 - © 2018 SETAC This is an author-produced version of the published paper. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher’s self-archiving policy. Further copying may not be permitted; contact the publisher for details.

PY - 2018/5/1

Y1 - 2018/5/1

N2 - Nanopesticides are novel plant protection products offering numerous benefits. Because nanoparticles behave differently from dissolved chemicals, the environmental risks of these materials could differ from conventional pesticides. We used soil-earthworm systems to compare the fate and uptake of analytical-grade bifenthrin to that of bifenthrin in traditional and nanoencapsulated formulations. Apparent sorption coefficients for bifenthrin were up to 3.8 times lower in the nano treatments than in the non-nano treatments, whereas dissipation half-lives of the nano treatments were up to 2 times longer. Earthworms in the nano treatments accumulated approximately 50% more bifenthrin than those in the non-nano treatments. In the non-nano treatments, most of the accumulated material was found in the earthworm tissue, whereas in the nano treatments, the majority resided in the gut. Evaluation of toxicokinetic modeling approaches showed that models incorporating the release rate of bifenthrin from the nanocapsule and distribution within the earthworm provided the best estimations of uptake from the nano-formulations. Overall, our findings indicate that the risks of nanopesticides may be different from those of conventional formulations. The modeling presented provides a starting point for assessing risks of these materials but needs to be further developed to better consider the behavior of the nanoencapsulated pesticide within the gut system. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1420-1429. © 2018 SETAC.

AB - Nanopesticides are novel plant protection products offering numerous benefits. Because nanoparticles behave differently from dissolved chemicals, the environmental risks of these materials could differ from conventional pesticides. We used soil-earthworm systems to compare the fate and uptake of analytical-grade bifenthrin to that of bifenthrin in traditional and nanoencapsulated formulations. Apparent sorption coefficients for bifenthrin were up to 3.8 times lower in the nano treatments than in the non-nano treatments, whereas dissipation half-lives of the nano treatments were up to 2 times longer. Earthworms in the nano treatments accumulated approximately 50% more bifenthrin than those in the non-nano treatments. In the non-nano treatments, most of the accumulated material was found in the earthworm tissue, whereas in the nano treatments, the majority resided in the gut. Evaluation of toxicokinetic modeling approaches showed that models incorporating the release rate of bifenthrin from the nanocapsule and distribution within the earthworm provided the best estimations of uptake from the nano-formulations. Overall, our findings indicate that the risks of nanopesticides may be different from those of conventional formulations. The modeling presented provides a starting point for assessing risks of these materials but needs to be further developed to better consider the behavior of the nanoencapsulated pesticide within the gut system. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1420-1429. © 2018 SETAC.

KW - Journal Article

KW - Synthetic pyrethroids

KW - Eisenia fetida

KW - Toxicokinetic modeling

KW - Earthworms

KW - Nanoencapsulation

KW - Nanopesticides

KW - Lumbricus terrestris

KW - Risk Assessment

KW - Soil/chemistry

KW - Pyrethrins/metabolism

KW - Risk Factors

KW - Half-Life

KW - Pesticides/metabolism

KW - Animals

KW - Models, Biological

KW - Nanoparticles/chemistry

KW - Environment

KW - Oligochaeta/metabolism

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85044192280&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1002/etc.4094

DO - 10.1002/etc.4094

M3 - Article

C2 - 29341233

SN - 1552-8618

VL - 37

SP - 1420

EP - 1429

JO - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

IS - 5

ER -