TY - JOUR
T1 - Ginger waste as a potential feedstock for a zero-waste ginger biorefinery
T2 - A review
AU - Inthalaeng, Natthamon
AU - Gao, Yang
AU - Remon Nunez, Javier
AU - Dugmore, Thomas Iain James
AU - Ozel, Mustafa Zafer
AU - Sulaeman, Allyn
AU - Matharu, Avtar Singh
N1 - © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2022. This is an author-produced version of the published paper. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher’s self-archiving policy. Further copying may not be permitted; contact the publisher for details.
PY - 2022/12/16
Y1 - 2022/12/16
N2 - Ginger for consumption and use in industrial applications such as essential oil and oleoresin extraction is growing globally. There will be increased volumes of ginger waste (rhizomes, stems and leaves) in the coming years. However, the valorisation of ginger waste is limited in the literature beyond its use as a ginger meal for animal feed. Herein, this review consolidates the literature on ginger waste within the context of developing a zero-waste ginger biorefinery that yields chemicals, materials and (bio)energy for emerging bio-based markets and applications. Green extraction technologies are reported, some are at an industrial scale for processing fresh ginger but which could be re-used to obtain a second crop of oil or oleoresin. The application of ginger waste to produce potential value-added products such as anti-microbial materials, environmental remediation agents, supercapacitors, bioenergy and heterogeneous catalysts is presented. Limitations based on logistics, feedstock, processing technology and final output are discussed.
AB - Ginger for consumption and use in industrial applications such as essential oil and oleoresin extraction is growing globally. There will be increased volumes of ginger waste (rhizomes, stems and leaves) in the coming years. However, the valorisation of ginger waste is limited in the literature beyond its use as a ginger meal for animal feed. Herein, this review consolidates the literature on ginger waste within the context of developing a zero-waste ginger biorefinery that yields chemicals, materials and (bio)energy for emerging bio-based markets and applications. Green extraction technologies are reported, some are at an industrial scale for processing fresh ginger but which could be re-used to obtain a second crop of oil or oleoresin. The application of ginger waste to produce potential value-added products such as anti-microbial materials, environmental remediation agents, supercapacitors, bioenergy and heterogeneous catalysts is presented. Limitations based on logistics, feedstock, processing technology and final output are discussed.
U2 - 10.1039/D2SU00099G
DO - 10.1039/D2SU00099G
M3 - Review article
SN - 2753-8125
JO - RSC Sustainability
JF - RSC Sustainability
ER -