Global Cancer Risk From Unregulated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

TY - JOUR

T1 - Global Cancer Risk From Unregulated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

AU - Kelly, Jamie M.

AU - Ivatt, Peter D.

AU - Evans, Mathew J.

AU - Kroll, Jesse H.

AU - Hrdina, Amy I. H.

AU - Kohale, Ishwar N.

AU - White, Forest M.

AU - Engelward, Bevin P.

AU - Selin, Noelle E.

N1 - © 2021 The Authors

PY - 2021/9/23

Y1 - 2021/9/23

N2 - Abstract In assessments of cancer risk from atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), scientists and regulators rarely consider the complex mixture of emitted compounds and degradation products, and they often represent the entire mixture using a single emitted compound—benzo[a]pyrene. Here, we show that benzo[a]pyrene is a poor indicator of PAH risk distribution and management: nearly 90 including unregulated degradation products of emitted PAHs. We develop and apply a global-scale atmospheric model and conduct health impact analyses to estimate human cancer risk from 16 PAHs and several of their N-PAH degradation products. We find that benzo[a]pyrene is a minor contributor to the total cancer risks of PAHs (11; the remaining risk comes from other directly emitted PAHs (72 and N-PAHs (17. We show that assessment and policy-making that relies solely on benzo[a]pyrene exposure provides misleading estimates of risk distribution, the importance of chemical processes, and the prospects for risk mitigation. We conclude that researchers and decision-makers should consider additional PAHs as well as degradation products.

AB - Abstract In assessments of cancer risk from atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), scientists and regulators rarely consider the complex mixture of emitted compounds and degradation products, and they often represent the entire mixture using a single emitted compound—benzo[a]pyrene. Here, we show that benzo[a]pyrene is a poor indicator of PAH risk distribution and management: nearly 90 including unregulated degradation products of emitted PAHs. We develop and apply a global-scale atmospheric model and conduct health impact analyses to estimate human cancer risk from 16 PAHs and several of their N-PAH degradation products. We find that benzo[a]pyrene is a minor contributor to the total cancer risks of PAHs (11; the remaining risk comes from other directly emitted PAHs (72 and N-PAHs (17. We show that assessment and policy-making that relies solely on benzo[a]pyrene exposure provides misleading estimates of risk distribution, the importance of chemical processes, and the prospects for risk mitigation. We conclude that researchers and decision-makers should consider additional PAHs as well as degradation products.

KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

KW - benzoapyrene

KW - air pollution

KW - human health

KW - cancer

KW - mixtures

U2 - 10.1029/2021GH000401

DO - 10.1029/2021GH000401

M3 - Article

SN - 2471-1403

VL - 5

JO - GeoHealth

JF - GeoHealth

IS - 9

M1 - e2021GH000401

ER -