Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Nicholas J Kassebaum, Amelia Bertozzi-Villa, Megan S Coggeshall, Katya A Shackelford, Caitlyn Steiner, Kyle R Heuton, Diego Gonzalez-Medina, Ryan Barber, Chantal Huynh, Daniel Dicker, Tara Templin, Timothy M Wolock, Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Foad Abd-Allah, Semaw Ferede Abera, Tom Achoki, Ademola Adelekan, Zanfina Ademi, Arsène Kouablan Adou, José C AdsuarEmilie E Agardh, Dickens Akena, Deena Alasfoor, Zewdie Aderaw Alemu, Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho, Samia Alhabib, Raghib Ali, Mazin J Al Kahbouri, François Alla, Peter J Allen, Mohammad A Almazroa, Ubai Alsharif, Elena Alvarez, Nelson Alvis-Guzmán, Adansi A Amankwaa, Azmeraw T Amare, Hassan Amini, Walid Ammar, Carl A T Antonio, Palwasha Anwari, Johan Arnlöv, Valentina S Arsic Arsenijevic, Ali Artaman, Majed Masoud Asad, Rana J Asghar, Reza Assadi, Lydia S Atkins, Alaa Badawi, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Arindam Basu, Sanjay Basu, Justin Beardsley, Neeraj Bedi, Tolesa Bekele, Michelle L Bell, Eduardo Bernabe, Tariku J Beyene, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Aref Bin Abdulhak, Jed Blore, Berrak Bora Basara, Dipan Bose, Nicholas Breitborde, Rosario Cárdenas, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Ruben Estanislao Castro, Ferrán Catalá-López, Alanur Cavlin, Jung-Chen Chang, Xuan Che, Costas A Christophi, Sumeet S Chugh, Massimo Cirillo, Samantha M Colquhoun, Leslie Trumbull Cooper, Cyrus Cooper, Iuri da Costa Leite, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Adrian Davis, Anand Dayama, Louisa Degenhardt, Diego De Leo, Borja Del Pozo-Cruz, Kebede Deribe, Muluken Dessalegn, Gabrielle A Deveber, Samath D Dharmaratne, Uğur Dilmen, Eric L Ding, Rob E Dorrington, Tim R Driscoll, Sergei Petrovich Ermakov, Alireza Esteghamati, Emerito Jose A Faraon, Farshad Farzadfar, Manuela Mendonca Felicio, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Graça Maria Ferreira de Lima, Mohammad H Forouzanfar, Elisabeth B França, Lynne Gaffikin, Ketevan Gambashidze, Fortuné Gbètoho Gankpé, Ana C Garcia, Johanna M Geleijnse, Katherine B Gibney, Maurice Giroud, Elizabeth L Glaser, Ketevan Goginashvili, Philimon Gona, Dinorah González-Castell, Atsushi Goto, Hebe N Gouda, Harish Chander Gugnani, Rahul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Randah Ribhi Hamadeh, Mouhanad Hammami, Graeme J Hankey, Hilda L Harb, Rasmus Havmoeller, Simon Hay, Ileana B Heredia Pi, Hans W Hoek, H Dean Hosgood, Damian G Hoy, Abdullatif Husseini, Bulat T Idrisov, Kaire Innos, Manami Inoue, Kathryn H Jacobsen, Eiman Jahangir, Sun Ha Jee, Paul N Jensen, Vivekanand Jha, Guohong Jiang, Knud Juel, Edmond Kato Kabagambe, Haidong Kan, Nadim E Karam, André Karch, Corine Kakizi Karema, Anil Kaul, Norito Kawakami, Konstantin Kazanjan, Dhruv S Kazi, Andrew G Kemp, Andre Pascal Kengne, Maia Kereselidze, Yousef Saleh Khader, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan Khalifa, Ejaz Ahmed Khan, Young-Ho Khang, Luke Knibbs, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Soewarta Kosen, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Chanda Kulkarni, Veena S Kulkarni, G Anil Kumar, Kaushalendra Kumar, Ravi B Kumar, Gene Kwan, Taavi Lai, Ratilal Lalloo, Hilton Lam, Van C Lansingh, Anders Larsson, Jong-Tae Lee, James Leigh, Mall Leinsalu, Ricky Leung, Xiaohong Li, Yichong Li, Yongmei Li, Juan Liang, Xiaofeng Liang, Stephen S Lim, Hsien-Ho Lin, Steven E Lipshultz, Shiwei Liu, Yang Liu, Belinda K Lloyd, Stephanie J London, Paulo A Lotufo, Jixiang Ma, Stefan Ma, Vasco Manuel Pedro Machado, Nana Kwaku Mainoo, Marek Majdan, Christopher Chabila Mapoma, Wagner Marcenes, Melvin Barrientos Marzan, Amanda J Mason-Jones, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Fabiola Mejia-Rodriguez, Ziad A Memish, Walter Mendoza, Ted R Miller, Edward J Mills, Ali H Mokdad, Glen Liddell Mola, Lorenzo Monasta, Jonathan de la Cruz Monis, Julio Cesar Montañez Hernandez, Ami R Moore, Rintaro Mori, Ulrich O Mueller, Mitsuru Mukaigawara, Aliya Naheed, Kovin S Naidoo, Devina Nand, Vinay Nangia, Denis Nash, Chakib Nejjari, Robert G Nelson, Sudan Prasad Neupane, Charles R Newton, Marie Ng, Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Sandra Nolte, Ole F Norheim, Luke Nyakarahuka, In-Hwan Oh, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Bolajoko O Olusanya, Saad B Omer, John Nelson Opio, Orish Ebere Orisakwe, Jeyaraj D Pandian, Christina Papachristou, Jae-Hyun Park, Angel J Paternina Caicedo, Scott B Patten, Vinod K Paul, Boris Igor Pavlin, Neil Pearce, David M Pereira, Konrad Pesudovs, Max Petzold, Dan Poenaru, Guilherme V Polanczyk, Suzanne Polinder, Dan Pope, Farshad Pourmalek, Dima Qato, D Alex Quistberg, Anwar Rafay, Kazem Rahimi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Sajjad Ur Rahman, Murugesan Raju, Saleem M Rana, Amany Refaat, Luca Ronfani, Nobhojit Roy, Tania Georgina Sánchez Pimienta, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Joshua Salomon, Uchechukwu Sampson, Itamar S Santos, Monika Sawhney, Felix Sayinzoga, Ione J C Schneider, Austin Schumacher, David C Schwebel, Soraya Seedat, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson E Servan-Mori, Marina Shakh-Nazarova, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Kenji Shibuya, Hwashin Hyun Shin, Ivy Shiue, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Donald H Silberberg, Andrea P Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Vegard Skirbekk, Karen Sliwa, Sergey S Soshnikov, Luciano A Sposato, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Konstantinos Stroumpoulis, Lela Sturua, Bryan L Sykes, Karen M Tabb, Roberto Tchio Talongwa, Feng Tan, Carolina Maria Teixeira, Eric Yeboah Tenkorang, Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi, Andrew L Thorne-Lyman, David L Tirschwell, Jeffrey A Towbin, Bach X Tran, Miltiadis Tsilimbaris, Uche S Uchendu, Kingsley N Ukwaja, Eduardo A Undurraga, Selen Begüm Uzun, Andrew J Vallely, Coen H van Gool, Tommi J Vasankari, Monica S Vavilala, N Venketasubramanian, Salvador Villalpando, Francesco S Violante, Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov, Theo Vos, Stephen Waller, Haidong Wang, Linhong Wang, Sharon Xiaorong Wang, Yanping Wang, Scott Weichenthal, Elisabete Weiderpass, Robert G Weintraub, Ronny Westerman, James D Wilkinson, Solomon Meseret Woldeyohannes, John Q Wong, Muluemebet Abera Wordofa, Gelin Xu, Yang C Yang, Yuichiro Yano, Gokalp Kadri Yentur, Paul Yip, Naohiro Yonemoto, Seok-Jun Yoon, Mustafa Z Younis, Chuanhua Yu, Kim Yun Jin, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Yong Zhao, Yingfeng Zheng, Maigeng Zhou, Jun Zhu, Xiao Nong Zou, Alan D Lopez, Mohsen Naghavi, Christopher J L Murray, Rafael Lozano

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

The fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5) established the goal of a 75% reduction in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR; number of maternal deaths per 100 000 livebirths) between 1990 and 2015. We aimed to measure levels and track trends in maternal mortality, the key causes contributing to maternal death, and timing of maternal death with respect to delivery.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)980–1004
JournalLancet.
Volume384
Issue number9947
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 13 Sept 2013

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