Lignocellulose degradation mechanisms across the Tree of Life

TY - JOUR

T1 - Lignocellulose degradation mechanisms across the Tree of Life

AU - Cragg, Simon M.

AU - Beckham, Gregg T.

AU - Bruce, Neil C.

AU - Bugg, Timothy D H

AU - Distel, Daniel L.

AU - Dupree, Paul

AU - Etxabe, Amaia Green

AU - Goodell, Barry S.

AU - Jellison, Jody

AU - McGeehan, John E.

AU - McQueen-Mason, Simon J.

AU - Schnorr, Kirk

AU - Walton, Paul H.

AU - Watts, Joy E M

AU - Zimmer, Martin

PY - 2015/12

Y1 - 2015/12

N2 - Organisms use diverse mechanisms involving multiple complementary enzymes, particularly glycoside hydrolases (GHs), to deconstruct lignocellulose. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) produced by bacteria and fungi facilitate deconstruction as does the Fenton chemistry of brown-rot fungi. Lignin depolymerisation is achieved by white-rot fungi and certain bacteria, using peroxidases and laccases. Meta-omics is now revealing the complexity of prokaryotic degradative activity in lignocellulose-rich environments. Protists from termite guts and some oomycetes produce multiple lignocellulolytic enzymes. Lignocellulose-consuming animals secrete some GHs, but most harbour a diverse enzyme-secreting gut microflora in a mutualism that is particularly complex in termites. Shipworms however, house GH-secreting and LPMO-secreting bacteria separate from the site of digestion and the isopod Limnoria relies on endogenous enzymes alone. The omics revolution is identifying many novel enzymes and paradigms for biomass deconstruction, but more emphasis on function is required, particularly for enzyme cocktails, in which LPMOs may play an important role.

AB - Organisms use diverse mechanisms involving multiple complementary enzymes, particularly glycoside hydrolases (GHs), to deconstruct lignocellulose. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) produced by bacteria and fungi facilitate deconstruction as does the Fenton chemistry of brown-rot fungi. Lignin depolymerisation is achieved by white-rot fungi and certain bacteria, using peroxidases and laccases. Meta-omics is now revealing the complexity of prokaryotic degradative activity in lignocellulose-rich environments. Protists from termite guts and some oomycetes produce multiple lignocellulolytic enzymes. Lignocellulose-consuming animals secrete some GHs, but most harbour a diverse enzyme-secreting gut microflora in a mutualism that is particularly complex in termites. Shipworms however, house GH-secreting and LPMO-secreting bacteria separate from the site of digestion and the isopod Limnoria relies on endogenous enzymes alone. The omics revolution is identifying many novel enzymes and paradigms for biomass deconstruction, but more emphasis on function is required, particularly for enzyme cocktails, in which LPMOs may play an important role.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84946830249&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.10.018

DO - 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.10.018

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:84946830249

SN - 1367-5931

VL - 29

SP - 108

EP - 119

JO - Current Opinion in Chemical Biology

JF - Current Opinion in Chemical Biology

ER -