Low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of waste office paper and the application of bio-oil as an Al adhesive

TY - JOUR

T1 - Low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of waste office paper and the application of bio-oil as an Al adhesive

AU - Zhang, Zhanrong

AU - MacQuarrie, Duncan J.

AU - De Bruyn, Mario

AU - Budarin, Vitaliy L.

AU - Hunt, Andrew J.

AU - Gronnow, Mark J.

AU - Fan, Jiajun

AU - Shuttleworth, Peter S.

AU - Clark, James H.

AU - Matharu, Avtar S.

PY - 2015/1/1

Y1 - 2015/1/1

N2 - The conversion of waste office paper (printed or photocopied) to bio-oil via low temperature (<200 °C) microwave-assisted pyrolysis, and its utilisation as an adhesive for aluminium-aluminium bonding are reported. The yields for the organic and aqueous phase bio-oil are 19% and 23%, respectively. The pyrolysis products were characterized by ICP-MS, ATR-IR, GC-MS and NMR to reveal broad categories of compounds indicative of sugars (carbohydrates), aromatics and carbonyl-containing moieties. Application of the organic phase bio-oil (70 mg) to Al plates (50 mm × 50 mm) followed by curing at different temperatures and time periods revealed that a maximum tensile strength of approximately 2300 N could be attained at 160 °C for 8 h cure. Also, at a fixed temperature, the tensile strength increased with increasing curing time. To gain an in-depth understanding of the adhesive properties of bio-oil, a liquid-liquid fractionation of the organic phase bio-oil was conducted. The 'acidic' fraction showed far better adhesion properties than the 'neutral' fraction with no bonding achieved for the aqueous fraction. A combination of the 'acidic' and 'neutral' fraction gave better adhesion, thus suggesting a possible synergistic or co-operative effect.

AB - The conversion of waste office paper (printed or photocopied) to bio-oil via low temperature (<200 °C) microwave-assisted pyrolysis, and its utilisation as an adhesive for aluminium-aluminium bonding are reported. The yields for the organic and aqueous phase bio-oil are 19% and 23%, respectively. The pyrolysis products were characterized by ICP-MS, ATR-IR, GC-MS and NMR to reveal broad categories of compounds indicative of sugars (carbohydrates), aromatics and carbonyl-containing moieties. Application of the organic phase bio-oil (70 mg) to Al plates (50 mm × 50 mm) followed by curing at different temperatures and time periods revealed that a maximum tensile strength of approximately 2300 N could be attained at 160 °C for 8 h cure. Also, at a fixed temperature, the tensile strength increased with increasing curing time. To gain an in-depth understanding of the adhesive properties of bio-oil, a liquid-liquid fractionation of the organic phase bio-oil was conducted. The 'acidic' fraction showed far better adhesion properties than the 'neutral' fraction with no bonding achieved for the aqueous fraction. A combination of the 'acidic' and 'neutral' fraction gave better adhesion, thus suggesting a possible synergistic or co-operative effect.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84922609483&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1039/c4gc00768a

DO - 10.1039/c4gc00768a

M3 - Article

VL - 17

SP - 260

EP - 270

JO - Green Chemistry

JF - Green Chemistry

SN - 1463-9270

IS - 1

ER -