TY - JOUR
T1 - Measuring energy, macro and micronutrient intake in UK children and adolescents
T2 - A comparison of validated dietary assessment tools
AU - Bush, Linda A.
AU - Hutchinson, Jayne
AU - Hooson, Jozef
AU - Warthon-Medina, Marisol
AU - Hancock, Neil
AU - Greathead, Katharine
AU - Knowles, Bethany
AU - Vargas-Garcia, Elisa J.
AU - Gibson, Lauren E.
AU - Margetts, Barrie
AU - Robinson, Sian
AU - Ness, Andy
AU - Alwan, Nisreen A.
AU - Wark, Petra A.
AU - Roe, Mark
AU - Finglas, Paul
AU - Steer, Toni
AU - Page, Polly
AU - Johnson, Laura
AU - Roberts, Katharine
AU - Amoutzopoulos, Birdem
AU - Greenwood, Darren C.
AU - Cade, Janet E.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the UK Medical Research Council [Grant number MR/L02019X/1]. The funding body had no input into the design of the study; collection, analysis and interpretation of data or in the manuscript writing.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Author(s).
PY - 2019/11/26
Y1 - 2019/11/26
N2 - Background: Measuring dietary intake in children and adolescents can be challenging due to misreporting, difficulties in establishing portion size and reliance on recording dietary data via proxy reporters. The aim of this review was to present results from a recent systematic review of reviews reporting and comparing validated dietary assessment tools used in younger populations in the UK. Methods: Validation data for dietary assessment tools used in younger populations (≤18 years) were extracted and summarised using results from a systematic review of reviews of validated dietary assessment tools. Mean differences and Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LOA) between the test and reference tool were extracted or calculated and compared for energy, macronutrients and micronutrients. Results: Seventeen studies which reported validation of 14 dietary assessment tools (DATs) were identified with relevant nutrition information. The most commonly validated nutrients were energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, calcium, iron, folate and vitamin C. There were no validated DATs reporting assessment of zinc, iodine or selenium intake. The most frequently used reference method was the weighed food diary, followed by doubly labelled water and 24 h recall. Summary plots were created to facilitate comparison between tools. On average, the test tools reported higher mean intakes than the reference methods with some studies consistently reporting wide LOA. Out of the 14 DATs, absolute values for LOA and mean difference were obtained for 11 DATs for EI. From the 24 validation results assessing EI, 16 (67%) reported higher mean intakes than the reference. Of the seven (29%) validation studies using doubly labelled water (DLW) as the reference, results for the test DATs were not substantially better or worse than those using other reference measures. Further information on the studies from this review is available on the www.nutritools.org website. Conclusions: Validated dietary assessment tools for use with children and adolescents in the UK have been identified and compared. Whilst tools are generally validated for macronutrient intakes, micronutrients are poorly evaluated. Validation studies that include estimates of zinc, selenium, dietary fibre, sugars and sodium are needed.
AB - Background: Measuring dietary intake in children and adolescents can be challenging due to misreporting, difficulties in establishing portion size and reliance on recording dietary data via proxy reporters. The aim of this review was to present results from a recent systematic review of reviews reporting and comparing validated dietary assessment tools used in younger populations in the UK. Methods: Validation data for dietary assessment tools used in younger populations (≤18 years) were extracted and summarised using results from a systematic review of reviews of validated dietary assessment tools. Mean differences and Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LOA) between the test and reference tool were extracted or calculated and compared for energy, macronutrients and micronutrients. Results: Seventeen studies which reported validation of 14 dietary assessment tools (DATs) were identified with relevant nutrition information. The most commonly validated nutrients were energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, calcium, iron, folate and vitamin C. There were no validated DATs reporting assessment of zinc, iodine or selenium intake. The most frequently used reference method was the weighed food diary, followed by doubly labelled water and 24 h recall. Summary plots were created to facilitate comparison between tools. On average, the test tools reported higher mean intakes than the reference methods with some studies consistently reporting wide LOA. Out of the 14 DATs, absolute values for LOA and mean difference were obtained for 11 DATs for EI. From the 24 validation results assessing EI, 16 (67%) reported higher mean intakes than the reference. Of the seven (29%) validation studies using doubly labelled water (DLW) as the reference, results for the test DATs were not substantially better or worse than those using other reference measures. Further information on the studies from this review is available on the www.nutritools.org website. Conclusions: Validated dietary assessment tools for use with children and adolescents in the UK have been identified and compared. Whilst tools are generally validated for macronutrient intakes, micronutrients are poorly evaluated. Validation studies that include estimates of zinc, selenium, dietary fibre, sugars and sodium are needed.
KW - Dietary assessment
KW - Macronutrients
KW - Mean difference, limits of agreement
KW - Micronutrients
KW - Validation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85088506395&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s40795-019-0312-9
DO - 10.1186/s40795-019-0312-9
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85088506395
SN - 2055-0928
VL - 5
JO - BMC Nutrition
JF - BMC Nutrition
IS - 1
M1 - 53
ER -