Mitochondrial DNA mutations drive aerobic glycolysis to enhance checkpoint blockade response in melanoma

Mahnoor Mahmood, Eric Minwei Liu, Amy L Shergold, Elisabetta Tolla, Jacqueline Tait-Mulder, Alejandro Huerta-Uribe, Engy Shokry, Alex L Young, Sergio Lilla, Minsoo Kim, Tricia Park, Sonia Boscenco, Javier L Manchon, Crístina Rodríguez-Antona, Rowan C Walters, Roger J Springett, James N Blaza, Louise Mitchell, Karen Blyth, Sara ZanivanDavid Sumpton, Edward W Roberts, Ed Reznik, Payam A Gammage

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) encodes essential machinery for oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic homeostasis. Tumor mtDNA is among the most somatically mutated regions of the cancer genome, but whether these mutations impact tumor biology is debated. We engineered truncating mutations of the mtDNA-encoded complex I gene, Mt-Nd5, into several murine models of melanoma. These mutations promoted a Warburg-like metabolic shift that reshaped tumor microenvironments in both mice and humans, consistently eliciting an anti-tumor immune response characterized by loss of resident neutrophils. Tumors bearing mtDNA mutations were sensitized to checkpoint blockade in a neutrophil-dependent manner, with induction of redox imbalance being sufficient to induce this effect in mtDNA wild-type tumors. Patient lesions bearing >50% mtDNA mutation heteroplasmy demonstrated a response rate to checkpoint blockade that was improved by ~2.5-fold over mtDNA wild-type cancer. These data nominate mtDNA mutations as functional regulators of cancer metabolism and tumor biology, with potential for therapeutic exploitation and treatment stratification.

Original languageEnglish
JournalNature cancer
Early online date29 Jan 2024
DOIs
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 29 Jan 2024

Bibliographical note

© 2024. The Author(s).

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