Molecular oxygen in the rho Ophiuchi cloud

B. Larsson; R. Liseau; L. Pagani; P. Bergman; P. Bernath; N. Biver; J. H. Black; R. S. Booth; V. Buat; J. Crovisier; C. L. Curry; M. Dahlgren; P. J. Encrenaz; E. Falgarone; P. A. Feldman; M. Fich; H. G. Floren; M. Fredrixon; U. Frisk; G. F. Gahm; M. Gerin; M. Hagstrom; J. Harju; T. Hasegawa; A. Hjalmarson; L. E. B. Johansson; K. Justtanont; A. Klotz; E. Kyrola; S. Kwok; A. Lecacheux; T. Liljestrom; E. J. Llewellyn; S. Lundin; G. Megie; G. F. Mitchell; D. Murtagh; L. H. Nordh; L.-A. Nyman; M. Olberg; A. O. H. Olofsson; G. Olofsson; H. Olofsson; G. Persson; R. Plume; H. Rickman; I. Ristorcelli; G. Rydbeck; A. A. Sandqvist; F. V. Scheele; G. Serra; S. Torchinsky; N. F. Tothill; K. Volk; T. Wiklind; C. D. Wilson; A. Winnberg; G. Witt

doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065500

Molecular oxygen in the rho Ophiuchi cloud

B. Larsson, R. Liseau, L. Pagani, P. Bergman, P. Bernath, N. Biver, J. H. Black, R. S. Booth, V. Buat, J. Crovisier, C. L. Curry, M. Dahlgren, P. J. Encrenaz, E. Falgarone, P. A. Feldman, M. Fich, H. G. Floren, M. Fredrixon, U. Frisk, G. F. GahmM. Gerin, M. Hagstrom, J. Harju, T. Hasegawa, A. Hjalmarson, L. E. B. Johansson, K. Justtanont, A. Klotz, E. Kyrola, S. Kwok, A. Lecacheux, T. Liljestrom, E. J. Llewellyn, S. Lundin, G. Megie, G. F. Mitchell, D. Murtagh, L. H. Nordh, L.-A. Nyman, M. Olberg, A. O. H. Olofsson, G. Olofsson, H. Olofsson, G. Persson, R. Plume, H. Rickman, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rydbeck, A. A. Sandqvist, F. V. Scheele, G. Serra, S. Torchinsky, N. F. Tothill, K. Volk, T. Wiklind, C. D. Wilson, A. Winnberg, G. Witt

Chemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Context. Molecular oxygen, O-2, has been expected historically to be an abundant component of the chemical species in molecular clouds and, as such, an important coolant of the dense interstellar medium. However, a number of attempts from both ground and from space have failed to detect O-2 emission.

Aims. The work described here uses heterodyne spectroscopy from space to search for molecular oxygen in the interstellar medium.

Methods. The Odin satellite carries a 1.1m sub-millimeter dish and a dedicated 119 GHz receiver for the ground state line of O-2. Starting in 2002, the star forming molecular cloud core rho OphA was observed with Odin for 34 days during several observing runs.

Results. We detect a spectral line at v(LSR)= + 3.5 km s(-1) with = vFWHM = 1.5 km s(-1), parameters which are also common to other species associated with rho OphA. This feature is identified as the O-2 (N-J = 1(1)- 1(0)) transition at 118 750.343 MHz.

Conclusions. The abundance of molecular oxygen, relative to H-2, is 5 x 10(-8) averaged over the Odin beam. This abundance is consistently lower than previously reported upper limits.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	999-U158
Number of pages	11
Journal	Astronomy & Astrophysics
Volume	466
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20065500
Publication status	Published - May 2007

Keywords

ISM : individual objects : rho OphA
ISM : clouds
ISM : molecules
ISM : abundances
stars : formation
radio lines : ISM
ODIN SATELLITE
DARK CLOUD
ABUNDANCE
O-2
HIGHLIGHTS
CHEMISTRY
EMISSION
C-C2H4O
REGIONS
CORES

Access to Document

10.1051/0004-6361:20065500

Cite this

Larsson, B., Liseau, R., Pagani, L., Bergman, P., Bernath, P., Biver, N., Black, J. H., Booth, R. S., Buat, V., Crovisier, J., Curry, C. L., Dahlgren, M., Encrenaz, P. J., Falgarone, E., Feldman, P. A., Fich, M., Floren, H. G., Fredrixon, M., Frisk, U., ... Witt, G. (2007). Molecular oxygen in the rho Ophiuchi cloud. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 466(3), 999-U158. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20065500

@article{d5dfd3098f1445aeb85f07f4744594b9,

title = "Molecular oxygen in the rho Ophiuchi cloud",

abstract = "Context. Molecular oxygen, O-2, has been expected historically to be an abundant component of the chemical species in molecular clouds and, as such, an important coolant of the dense interstellar medium. However, a number of attempts from both ground and from space have failed to detect O-2 emission.Aims. The work described here uses heterodyne spectroscopy from space to search for molecular oxygen in the interstellar medium.Methods. The Odin satellite carries a 1.1m sub-millimeter dish and a dedicated 119 GHz receiver for the ground state line of O-2. Starting in 2002, the star forming molecular cloud core rho OphA was observed with Odin for 34 days during several observing runs.Results. We detect a spectral line at v(LSR)= + 3.5 km s(-1) with = vFWHM = 1.5 km s(-1), parameters which are also common to other species associated with rho OphA. This feature is identified as the O-2 (N-J = 1(1)- 1(0)) transition at 118 750.343 MHz.Conclusions. The abundance of molecular oxygen, relative to H-2, is 5 x 10(-8) averaged over the Odin beam. This abundance is consistently lower than previously reported upper limits.",

keywords = "ISM : individual objects : rho OphA, ISM : clouds, ISM : molecules, ISM : abundances, stars : formation, radio lines : ISM, ODIN SATELLITE, DARK CLOUD, ABUNDANCE, O-2, HIGHLIGHTS, CHEMISTRY, EMISSION, C-C2H4O, REGIONS, CORES",

author = "B. Larsson and R. Liseau and L. Pagani and P. Bergman and P. Bernath and N. Biver and Black, {J. H.} and Booth, {R. S.} and V. Buat and J. Crovisier and Curry, {C. L.} and M. Dahlgren and Encrenaz, {P. J.} and E. Falgarone and Feldman, {P. A.} and M. Fich and Floren, {H. G.} and M. Fredrixon and U. Frisk and Gahm, {G. F.} and M. Gerin and M. Hagstrom and J. Harju and T. Hasegawa and A. Hjalmarson and Johansson, {L. E. B.} and K. Justtanont and A. Klotz and E. Kyrola and S. Kwok and A. Lecacheux and T. Liljestrom and Llewellyn, {E. J.} and S. Lundin and G. Megie and Mitchell, {G. F.} and D. Murtagh and Nordh, {L. H.} and L.-A. Nyman and M. Olberg and Olofsson, {A. O. H.} and G. Olofsson and H. Olofsson and G. Persson and R. Plume and H. Rickman and I. Ristorcelli and G. Rydbeck and Sandqvist, {A. A.} and Scheele, {F. V.} and G. Serra and S. Torchinsky and Tothill, {N. F.} and K. Volk and T. Wiklind and Wilson, {C. D.} and A. Winnberg and G. Witt",

year = "2007",

month = may,

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361:20065500",

language = "English",

volume = "466",

pages = "999--U158",

journal = "Astronomy & Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP Sciences",

number = "3",

}

Larsson, B, Liseau, R, Pagani, L, Bergman, P, Bernath, P, Biver, N, Black, JH, Booth, RS, Buat, V, Crovisier, J, Curry, CL, Dahlgren, M, Encrenaz, PJ, Falgarone, E, Feldman, PA, Fich, M, Floren, HG, Fredrixon, M, Frisk, U, Gahm, GF, Gerin, M, Hagstrom, M, Harju, J, Hasegawa, T, Hjalmarson, A, Johansson, LEB, Justtanont, K, Klotz, A, Kyrola, E, Kwok, S, Lecacheux, A, Liljestrom, T, Llewellyn, EJ, Lundin, S, Megie, G, Mitchell, GF, Murtagh, D, Nordh, LH, Nyman, L-A, Olberg, M, Olofsson, AOH, Olofsson, G, Olofsson, H, Persson, G, Plume, R, Rickman, H, Ristorcelli, I, Rydbeck, G, Sandqvist, AA, Scheele, FV, Serra, G, Torchinsky, S, Tothill, NF, Volk, K, Wiklind, T, Wilson, CD, Winnberg, A & Witt, G 2007, 'Molecular oxygen in the rho Ophiuchi cloud', Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 466, no. 3, pp. 999-U158. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20065500

TY - JOUR

T1 - Molecular oxygen in the rho Ophiuchi cloud

AU - Larsson, B.

AU - Liseau, R.

AU - Pagani, L.

AU - Bergman, P.

AU - Bernath, P.

AU - Biver, N.

AU - Black, J. H.

AU - Booth, R. S.

AU - Buat, V.

AU - Crovisier, J.

AU - Curry, C. L.

AU - Dahlgren, M.

AU - Encrenaz, P. J.

AU - Falgarone, E.

AU - Feldman, P. A.

AU - Fich, M.

AU - Floren, H. G.

AU - Fredrixon, M.

AU - Frisk, U.

AU - Gahm, G. F.

AU - Gerin, M.

AU - Hagstrom, M.

AU - Harju, J.

AU - Hasegawa, T.

AU - Hjalmarson, A.

AU - Johansson, L. E. B.

AU - Justtanont, K.

AU - Klotz, A.

AU - Kyrola, E.

AU - Kwok, S.

AU - Lecacheux, A.

AU - Liljestrom, T.

AU - Llewellyn, E. J.

AU - Lundin, S.

AU - Megie, G.

AU - Mitchell, G. F.

AU - Murtagh, D.

AU - Nordh, L. H.

AU - Nyman, L.-A.

AU - Olberg, M.

AU - Olofsson, A. O. H.

AU - Olofsson, G.

AU - Olofsson, H.

AU - Persson, G.

AU - Plume, R.

AU - Rickman, H.

AU - Ristorcelli, I.

AU - Rydbeck, G.

AU - Sandqvist, A. A.

AU - Scheele, F. V.

AU - Serra, G.

AU - Torchinsky, S.

AU - Tothill, N. F.

AU - Volk, K.

AU - Wiklind, T.

AU - Wilson, C. D.

AU - Winnberg, A.

AU - Witt, G.

PY - 2007/5

Y1 - 2007/5

N2 - Context. Molecular oxygen, O-2, has been expected historically to be an abundant component of the chemical species in molecular clouds and, as such, an important coolant of the dense interstellar medium. However, a number of attempts from both ground and from space have failed to detect O-2 emission.Aims. The work described here uses heterodyne spectroscopy from space to search for molecular oxygen in the interstellar medium.Methods. The Odin satellite carries a 1.1m sub-millimeter dish and a dedicated 119 GHz receiver for the ground state line of O-2. Starting in 2002, the star forming molecular cloud core rho OphA was observed with Odin for 34 days during several observing runs.Results. We detect a spectral line at v(LSR)= + 3.5 km s(-1) with = vFWHM = 1.5 km s(-1), parameters which are also common to other species associated with rho OphA. This feature is identified as the O-2 (N-J = 1(1)- 1(0)) transition at 118 750.343 MHz.Conclusions. The abundance of molecular oxygen, relative to H-2, is 5 x 10(-8) averaged over the Odin beam. This abundance is consistently lower than previously reported upper limits.

AB - Context. Molecular oxygen, O-2, has been expected historically to be an abundant component of the chemical species in molecular clouds and, as such, an important coolant of the dense interstellar medium. However, a number of attempts from both ground and from space have failed to detect O-2 emission.Aims. The work described here uses heterodyne spectroscopy from space to search for molecular oxygen in the interstellar medium.Methods. The Odin satellite carries a 1.1m sub-millimeter dish and a dedicated 119 GHz receiver for the ground state line of O-2. Starting in 2002, the star forming molecular cloud core rho OphA was observed with Odin for 34 days during several observing runs.Results. We detect a spectral line at v(LSR)= + 3.5 km s(-1) with = vFWHM = 1.5 km s(-1), parameters which are also common to other species associated with rho OphA. This feature is identified as the O-2 (N-J = 1(1)- 1(0)) transition at 118 750.343 MHz.Conclusions. The abundance of molecular oxygen, relative to H-2, is 5 x 10(-8) averaged over the Odin beam. This abundance is consistently lower than previously reported upper limits.

KW - ISM : individual objects : rho OphA

KW - ISM : clouds

KW - ISM : molecules

KW - ISM : abundances

KW - stars : formation

KW - radio lines : ISM

KW - ODIN SATELLITE

KW - DARK CLOUD

KW - ABUNDANCE

KW - O-2

KW - HIGHLIGHTS

KW - CHEMISTRY

KW - EMISSION

KW - C-C2H4O

KW - REGIONS

KW - CORES

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361:20065500

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361:20065500

M3 - Article

VL - 466

SP - 999-U158

JO - Astronomy & Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy & Astrophysics

SN - 0004-6361

IS - 3

ER -