Monolithic mesoporous graphitic composites as super capacitors: From Starbons to Starenes®

Andrea Muñoz García; Vitaliy L. Budarin; Yixin Zhou; Mario De Bruyn; Andrew J. Hunt; Leonardo Lari; Vlado K. Lazarov; Horacio J. Salavagione; Enrique Morales; Gary J. Ellis; James H. Clark; Peter S. Shuttleworth

doi:10.1039/c7ta09338a

Monolithic mesoporous graphitic composites as super capacitors: From Starbons to Starenes®

Andrea Muñoz García, Vitaliy L. Budarin, Yixin Zhou, Mario De Bruyn, Andrew J. Hunt, Leonardo Lari, Vlado K. Lazarov, Horacio J. Salavagione, Enrique Morales, Gary J. Ellis, James H. Clark, Peter S. Shuttleworth^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

In this study, we present a new class of monolithic mesoporous carbonaceous materials produced via the carbonisation of a mesoporous starch aerogel highly doped with graphite. Consecutive ball milling, microwave assisted gelation and carbonization treatment produced a high concentration of dispersed graphite. These treatments induce a strong interaction between the graphite particles and the developing carbonaceous matrix, including partial delamination of graphite and the merging of the nanoflakes into the carbonaceous structure. From a combination of SEM and TEM it was found that the graphite particles reduced in size to 24 and 37 nm, matching the pore wall sizes of the produced materials. From XRD, ball milling and heating helped reduce the number of graphene layers by 40%, with presence within the porous starch matrix reducing this a further 13%. The high degree of graphite dispersion/incorporation induces a pronounced increase in conductivity, and excellent capacitance retention, in excess of 10 000 charge-discharge cycles, offering a cost efficient and sustainably produced alternative to activated carbon based EDLCs and importantly, the resultant monolithic structures mitigate the need for additional binders.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1119-1127
Number of pages	9
Journal	Journal of Materials Chemistry A
Volume	6
Issue number	3
Early online date	18 Dec 2017
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta09338a
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 18 Dec 2017

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© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018. This is an author-produced version of the published paper. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher’s self-archiving policy. Further copying may not be permitted; contact the publisher for details

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title = "Monolithic mesoporous graphitic composites as super capacitors: From Starbons to Starenes{\textregistered}",

abstract = "In this study, we present a new class of monolithic mesoporous carbonaceous materials produced via the carbonisation of a mesoporous starch aerogel highly doped with graphite. Consecutive ball milling, microwave assisted gelation and carbonization treatment produced a high concentration of dispersed graphite. These treatments induce a strong interaction between the graphite particles and the developing carbonaceous matrix, including partial delamination of graphite and the merging of the nanoflakes into the carbonaceous structure. From a combination of SEM and TEM it was found that the graphite particles reduced in size to 24 and 37 nm, matching the pore wall sizes of the produced materials. From XRD, ball milling and heating helped reduce the number of graphene layers by 40%, with presence within the porous starch matrix reducing this a further 13%. The high degree of graphite dispersion/incorporation induces a pronounced increase in conductivity, and excellent capacitance retention, in excess of 10 000 charge-discharge cycles, offering a cost efficient and sustainably produced alternative to activated carbon based EDLCs and importantly, the resultant monolithic structures mitigate the need for additional binders.",

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AU - García, Andrea Muñoz

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AU - De Bruyn, Mario

AU - Hunt, Andrew J.

AU - Lari, Leonardo

AU - Lazarov, Vlado K.

AU - Salavagione, Horacio J.

AU - Morales, Enrique

AU - Ellis, Gary J.

AU - Clark, James H.

AU - Shuttleworth, Peter S.

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N2 - In this study, we present a new class of monolithic mesoporous carbonaceous materials produced via the carbonisation of a mesoporous starch aerogel highly doped with graphite. Consecutive ball milling, microwave assisted gelation and carbonization treatment produced a high concentration of dispersed graphite. These treatments induce a strong interaction between the graphite particles and the developing carbonaceous matrix, including partial delamination of graphite and the merging of the nanoflakes into the carbonaceous structure. From a combination of SEM and TEM it was found that the graphite particles reduced in size to 24 and 37 nm, matching the pore wall sizes of the produced materials. From XRD, ball milling and heating helped reduce the number of graphene layers by 40%, with presence within the porous starch matrix reducing this a further 13%. The high degree of graphite dispersion/incorporation induces a pronounced increase in conductivity, and excellent capacitance retention, in excess of 10 000 charge-discharge cycles, offering a cost efficient and sustainably produced alternative to activated carbon based EDLCs and importantly, the resultant monolithic structures mitigate the need for additional binders.

AB - In this study, we present a new class of monolithic mesoporous carbonaceous materials produced via the carbonisation of a mesoporous starch aerogel highly doped with graphite. Consecutive ball milling, microwave assisted gelation and carbonization treatment produced a high concentration of dispersed graphite. These treatments induce a strong interaction between the graphite particles and the developing carbonaceous matrix, including partial delamination of graphite and the merging of the nanoflakes into the carbonaceous structure. From a combination of SEM and TEM it was found that the graphite particles reduced in size to 24 and 37 nm, matching the pore wall sizes of the produced materials. From XRD, ball milling and heating helped reduce the number of graphene layers by 40%, with presence within the porous starch matrix reducing this a further 13%. The high degree of graphite dispersion/incorporation induces a pronounced increase in conductivity, and excellent capacitance retention, in excess of 10 000 charge-discharge cycles, offering a cost efficient and sustainably produced alternative to activated carbon based EDLCs and importantly, the resultant monolithic structures mitigate the need for additional binders.

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Monolithic mesoporous graphitic composites as super capacitors: From Starbons to Starenes®

Abstract

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