Numerical Investigation of Thermal Management of a Large Format Pouch Battery Using Combination of CPCM and Liquid Cooling

TY - JOUR

T1 - Numerical Investigation of Thermal Management of a Large Format Pouch Battery Using Combination of CPCM and Liquid Cooling

AU - Xu, Caiqi

AU - Ma, Chao

AU - Souri, Mohammad

AU - Moztarzadeh, Hadi

AU - Nasr Esfahani, Mohammad

AU - Jabbari, Masoud

AU - Hosseinzadeh, Elham

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.

PY - 2024/4

Y1 - 2024/4

N2 - As electric vehicles (EVs) gain market dominance, ensuring safety during the battery usage is crucial. This paper presents a new thermal management approach to address the battery heat accumulation challenge through a novel combination of composite phase change material (CPCM) with liquid cooling systems. An optimised hybrid cooling model is developed to evaluate the proposed battery thermal management system (BTMS) under high-temperature and high-power conditions. Benchmark studies are conducted to assess the impact of inlet position, inlet flow rate, and flow channel distribution on the cooling performance to achieve a uniform temperature distribution within the battery. The optimised BTMS, consisting of a five-cell battery pack, demonstrates a maximum temperature of 41.15 °C and a temperature difference of 4.89 °C in a operating condition at 36 °C with a discharge rate of 3 C. The BTMS outperforms the initial model, reducing the maximum temperature by 1.5%, temperature difference by 5%, and liquid fraction by 13%, with a slight (1.3%) increase in weight. The cooling performance is most efficient at a liquid flow rate of 0.1 m/s, minimising energy consumption. The proposed BTMS with CPCM-3 is also sufficient enough to keep the battery pack under a thermal runaway event. Overall, the theoretical simulation highlights the BTMS’s ability to effectively control battery temperatures and temperature differences, ensuring safe operation during high-temperature and high-power conditions in practical EV usage.

AB - As electric vehicles (EVs) gain market dominance, ensuring safety during the battery usage is crucial. This paper presents a new thermal management approach to address the battery heat accumulation challenge through a novel combination of composite phase change material (CPCM) with liquid cooling systems. An optimised hybrid cooling model is developed to evaluate the proposed battery thermal management system (BTMS) under high-temperature and high-power conditions. Benchmark studies are conducted to assess the impact of inlet position, inlet flow rate, and flow channel distribution on the cooling performance to achieve a uniform temperature distribution within the battery. The optimised BTMS, consisting of a five-cell battery pack, demonstrates a maximum temperature of 41.15 °C and a temperature difference of 4.89 °C in a operating condition at 36 °C with a discharge rate of 3 C. The BTMS outperforms the initial model, reducing the maximum temperature by 1.5%, temperature difference by 5%, and liquid fraction by 13%, with a slight (1.3%) increase in weight. The cooling performance is most efficient at a liquid flow rate of 0.1 m/s, minimising energy consumption. The proposed BTMS with CPCM-3 is also sufficient enough to keep the battery pack under a thermal runaway event. Overall, the theoretical simulation highlights the BTMS’s ability to effectively control battery temperatures and temperature differences, ensuring safe operation during high-temperature and high-power conditions in practical EV usage.

KW - battery thermal management system

KW - composite phase change material

KW - liquid cooling

KW - lithium-ion battery

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85191300366&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/batteries10040113

DO - 10.3390/batteries10040113

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85191300366

SN - 2313-0105

VL - 10

JO - Batteries

JF - Batteries

IS - 4

M1 - 113

ER -