Photochemistry of 2-butenedial and 4-oxo-2-pentenal under atmospheric boundary layer conditions

Michael Newland, Gerard Rea, Lars Thuner, Alistair Henderson, Bernard Golding, Andrew Robert Rickard, Ian Barnes, John Wenger

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Unsaturated 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds, such as 2-butenedial and 4-oxo-2-pentenal are produced in the atmospheric boundary layer from the oxidation of aromatic compounds and furans. These species are expected to undergo rapid photochemical processing, affecting atmospheric composition. In this study, the photochemistry of (E)-2-butenedial and both E and Z isomers of 4-oxo-2- pentenal was investigated under natural sunlight conditions at the large outdoor atmospheric simulation chamber EUPHORE. Photochemical loss rates, relative to j(NO2), are determined to be j((E)-2-butenedial)/j(NO2) = 0.14 (0.02), j((E)-4-oxo-2-pentenal)/j(NO2) = 0.18 (0.01), and j((Z)-4-oxo-2-pentenal)/j(NO2) = 0.20 (0.03). The major products detected for both species are a furanone (30 – 42%) and, for (E)-2-butenedial, maleic anhydride (2,5-furandione) (12 – 14%). The mechanism appears to proceed predominantly via photoisomerization to a ketene- enol species following -H abstraction. The lifetimes of the ketene-enol species in the dark from 2-butenedial and 4-oxo-2-pentenal are determined to be 465 s and 235 s, respectively. The ketene-enol can undergo ring closure to yield the corresponding furanone, or further unimolecular rearrangement which can subsequently form maleic anhydride. A minor channel (10 – 15%) also appears to form CO directly. This is presumed to be via a molecular elimination route of an initial biradical intermediate formed in photolysis, with an unsaturated carbonyl (detected here but not quantified) as co-product. -dicarbonyl and radical yields are very low, which has implications for ozone production from the photo-oxidation of unsaturated 1,4-dicarbonyls in the boundary layer. Photochemical removal is determined to be the major loss process for these species in the boundary layer with lifetimes of the order of 10 – 15 minutes, compared to > 3 hours for reaction with OH.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1160-1171
Number of pages12
JournalPhysical Chemistry Chemical Physics
Volume21
Issue number3
Early online date21 Dec 2018
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 21 Jan 2019

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Keywords

  • ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
  • PHOTOCHEMISTRY
  • Aromatic photochemistry
  • Air quality

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