Practical Limits to Common Mode Rejection in Mode Localized Weakly Coupled Resonators

TY - JOUR

T1 - Practical Limits to Common Mode Rejection in Mode Localized Weakly Coupled Resonators

AU - Pandit, Milind

AU - Zhao, Chun

AU - Sobreviela, Guillermo

AU - Seshia, Ashwin

N1 - Funding Information: Manuscript received February 27, 2019; revised June 26, 2019; accepted July 6, 2019. Date of publication July 24, 2019; date of current version June 4, 2020. This work was supported in part by Innovate U.K. and in part by the Natural Environment Research Council. This paper was presented at the IEEE Sensors Conference 2018 [1]. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Prof. Rudra Pratap. (Corresponding author: Milind Pandit.) The authors are with the Nanoscience Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, U.K. (e-mail: [email protected]). Publisher Copyright: © 2001-2012 IEEE.

PY - 2019/4/24

Y1 - 2019/4/24

N2 - The amplitude ratio output metric in mode localized weakly coupled resonators has been established to show superior rejection of first order temperature and pressure variations over frequency shift output metric. This work for the first time documents a holistic study on the temperature dependence of amplitude ratio and frequency shift output metric over various operating points of a mode localized resonator while comparing different modes of operation and different coupling schemes. The results show that both modes of an electrically coupled resonator system exhibit approx 10times improvement in rejecting temperature fluctuations over the modes of similar mechanically coupled resonators. Both mechanically coupled and electrically coupled resonators showed an improvement of 2-3 orders of magnitude common mode rejection as compared to the frequency shift output. For the first time, a comparison was made between amplitude ratio and differential frequency measurements and the results showed similar rejection capabilities between the two output metrics. The various mechanisms leading to the temperature dependence of the three output metrics are discussed in detail thus highlighting the advantages of using each of them for sensing and timing applications.

AB - The amplitude ratio output metric in mode localized weakly coupled resonators has been established to show superior rejection of first order temperature and pressure variations over frequency shift output metric. This work for the first time documents a holistic study on the temperature dependence of amplitude ratio and frequency shift output metric over various operating points of a mode localized resonator while comparing different modes of operation and different coupling schemes. The results show that both modes of an electrically coupled resonator system exhibit approx 10times improvement in rejecting temperature fluctuations over the modes of similar mechanically coupled resonators. Both mechanically coupled and electrically coupled resonators showed an improvement of 2-3 orders of magnitude common mode rejection as compared to the frequency shift output. For the first time, a comparison was made between amplitude ratio and differential frequency measurements and the results showed similar rejection capabilities between the two output metrics. The various mechanisms leading to the temperature dependence of the three output metrics are discussed in detail thus highlighting the advantages of using each of them for sensing and timing applications.

KW - common mode rejection

KW - coupled resonators

KW - Mode localization

KW - temperature coefficient

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85083188354&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1109/JSEN.2019.2930117

DO - 10.1109/JSEN.2019.2930117

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85083188354

SN - 1530-437X

VL - 20

SP - 6818

EP - 6825

JO - IEEE Sensors Journal

JF - IEEE Sensors Journal

IS - 13

M1 - 8771180

ER -