Reaction Optimization for Greener Chemistry with a Comprehensive Spreadsheet Tool

TY - JOUR

T1 - Reaction Optimization for Greener Chemistry with a Comprehensive Spreadsheet Tool

AU - Day, Dan

AU - Farmer, Thomas James

AU - Granelli, Joe

AU - Lofthouse, Janice

AU - Lynch, Julie

AU - McElroy, Rob

AU - Sherwood, James Richard

AU - Shimizu, Seishi

AU - Clark, James Hanley

N1 - © 2022 by the authors

PY - 2022/12/2

Y1 - 2022/12/2

N2 - Green chemistry places an emphasis on safer chemicals, waste reduction, and efficiency. Processes should be optimized with green chemistry at the forefront of decision making, embedded into research at the earliest stage. To assist in this endeavor, we present a spreadsheet that can be used to interpret reaction kinetics via Variable Time Normalization Analysis (VTNA), understand solvent effects with linear solvation energy relationships (LSER), and calculate solvent greenness. With this information, new reaction conditions can be explored in silico, calculating product conversions and green chemistry metrics prior to experiments. The application of this tool was validated with literature case studies. Reaction performance was predicted and then confirmed experimentally for examples of aza-Michael addition, Michael addition, and an amidation. The combined analytical package presented herein permits a thorough examination of chemical reactions, so that the variables that control reaction chemistry can be understood, optimized, and made greener for research and education purposes.

AB - Green chemistry places an emphasis on safer chemicals, waste reduction, and efficiency. Processes should be optimized with green chemistry at the forefront of decision making, embedded into research at the earliest stage. To assist in this endeavor, we present a spreadsheet that can be used to interpret reaction kinetics via Variable Time Normalization Analysis (VTNA), understand solvent effects with linear solvation energy relationships (LSER), and calculate solvent greenness. With this information, new reaction conditions can be explored in silico, calculating product conversions and green chemistry metrics prior to experiments. The application of this tool was validated with literature case studies. Reaction performance was predicted and then confirmed experimentally for examples of aza-Michael addition, Michael addition, and an amidation. The combined analytical package presented herein permits a thorough examination of chemical reactions, so that the variables that control reaction chemistry can be understood, optimized, and made greener for research and education purposes.

KW - green chemistry

KW - Green metrics

KW - kinetics

KW - Michael addition

KW - solvents

KW - Variable Time Normalization Analysis

U2 - 10.3390/molecules27238427

DO - 10.3390/molecules27238427

M3 - Article

SN - 1420-3049

VL - 27

JO - MOLECULES

JF - MOLECULES

IS - 23

M1 - 8427

ER -