Starbon/High-Amylose Corn Starch-Supported N-Heterocyclic Carbene–Iron(III) Catalyst for Conversion of Fructose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural

TY - JOUR

T1 - Starbon/High-Amylose Corn Starch-Supported N-Heterocyclic Carbene–Iron(III) Catalyst for Conversion of Fructose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural

AU - Matharu, Avtar S.

AU - Ahmed, Suleiman

AU - Almonthery, Badriya

AU - Macquarrie, Duncan J.

AU - lee, yoon-sik

AU - Kim, Yohan

N1 - © 2018, Wiley. This is an author-produced version of the published paper. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher’s self-archiving policy. Further copying may not be permitted; contact the publisher for details.

PY - 2018/2/22

Y1 - 2018/2/22

N2 - Iron–N-heterocyclic carbene complexes (Fe-NHCs) have come to prominence because of their applicability in diverse catalytic reactions, ranging from C−C cross-coupling and C−X bond formation to substitution, reduction, polymerization, and dehydration reactions. The detailed synthesis, characterization, and application of novel heterogeneous Fe-NHC catalysts immobilized on mesoporous expanded high-amylose corn starch (HACS) and Starbon 350 (S350) for facile fructose conversion into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is reported. Both catalyst types showed good performance for the dehydration of fructose to HMF when the reaction was tested at 100 °C with varying time (10 min, 20 min, 0.5 h, 1 h, 3 h and 6 h). For Fe-NHC/S350, the highest HMF yield was 81.7 % (t=0.5 h), with a TOF of 169 h−1, fructose conversion of 95 %, and HMF selectivity of 85.7 %, whereas for Fe-NHC/expanded HACS, the highest yield was 86 % (t=0.5 h), with a TOF of 206 h−1, fructose conversion of 87 %, and HMF selectivity of 99 %. Iron loadings of 0.26 and 0.30 mmol g−1 were achieved for Fe-NHC/expanded starch and Fe-NHC/S350, respectively.

AB - Iron–N-heterocyclic carbene complexes (Fe-NHCs) have come to prominence because of their applicability in diverse catalytic reactions, ranging from C−C cross-coupling and C−X bond formation to substitution, reduction, polymerization, and dehydration reactions. The detailed synthesis, characterization, and application of novel heterogeneous Fe-NHC catalysts immobilized on mesoporous expanded high-amylose corn starch (HACS) and Starbon 350 (S350) for facile fructose conversion into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is reported. Both catalyst types showed good performance for the dehydration of fructose to HMF when the reaction was tested at 100 °C with varying time (10 min, 20 min, 0.5 h, 1 h, 3 h and 6 h). For Fe-NHC/S350, the highest HMF yield was 81.7 % (t=0.5 h), with a TOF of 169 h−1, fructose conversion of 95 %, and HMF selectivity of 85.7 %, whereas for Fe-NHC/expanded HACS, the highest yield was 86 % (t=0.5 h), with a TOF of 206 h−1, fructose conversion of 87 %, and HMF selectivity of 99 %. Iron loadings of 0.26 and 0.30 mmol g−1 were achieved for Fe-NHC/expanded starch and Fe-NHC/S350, respectively.

KW - biomass valorization

KW - carbenes

KW - carbohydrates

KW - iron

KW - supported catalysts

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85041224032&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1002/cssc.201702207

DO - 10.1002/cssc.201702207

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85041224032

SN - 1864-5631

VL - 11

SP - 716

EP - 725

JO - ChemSusChem

JF - ChemSusChem

IS - 4

ER -