Struggling to a monumental triumph: Re-assessing the final stages of the smallpox eradication program in India, 1960-1980

TY - JOUR

T1 - Struggling to a monumental triumph

T2 - Re-assessing the final stages of the smallpox eradication program in India, 1960-1980

AU - Bhattacharya, Sanjoy

N1 - The research for this article was funded by a project grant awarded by the Wellcome Trust, UK

PY - 2007/10

Y1 - 2007/10

N2 - The global smallpox program is generally presented as the brainchild of a handful of actors from the WHO headquarters in Geneva and at the agency's regional offices. This article attempts to present a more complex description of the drive to eradicate smallpox. Based on the example of India, a major focus of the campaign, it is argued that historians and public health officials should recognize the varying roles played by a much wider range of participants. Highlighting the significance of both Indian and international field officials, the author shows how bureaucrats and politicians at different levels of administration and society managed to strengthen—yet sometimes weaken—important program components. Centrally dictated strategies developed at WHO offices in Geneva and New Delhi, often in association with Indian federal authorities, were reinterpreted by many actors and sometimes changed beyond recognition.

AB - The global smallpox program is generally presented as the brainchild of a handful of actors from the WHO headquarters in Geneva and at the agency's regional offices. This article attempts to present a more complex description of the drive to eradicate smallpox. Based on the example of India, a major focus of the campaign, it is argued that historians and public health officials should recognize the varying roles played by a much wider range of participants. Highlighting the significance of both Indian and international field officials, the author shows how bureaucrats and politicians at different levels of administration and society managed to strengthen—yet sometimes weaken—important program components. Centrally dictated strategies developed at WHO offices in Geneva and New Delhi, often in association with Indian federal authorities, were reinterpreted by many actors and sometimes changed beyond recognition.

KW - Smallpox eradication, global health, immunisation, global health histories, India, smallpox vaccination, World Health Organization

U2 - 10.1590/S0104-59702007000400002

DO - 10.1590/S0104-59702007000400002

M3 - Article

SN - 0104-5970

VL - 14

SP - 1113

EP - 1129

JO - História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos

JF - História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos

IS - 3

ER -