Study protocol: A cluster randomised controlled trial of implementation intentions to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents

Mark Conner; Sarah Grogan; Rebecca Lawton; Christopher Armitage; Robert West; Kamran Siddiqi; Brenda Gannon; Carole Torgerson; Keira Flett; Ruth Simms-Ellis

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-54

Study protocol: A cluster randomised controlled trial of implementation intentions to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents

Mark Conner, Sarah Grogan, Rebecca Lawton, Christopher Armitage, Robert West, Kamran Siddiqi, Brenda Gannon, Carole Torgerson, Keira Flett, Ruth Simms-Ellis

The Hull York Medical School

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The current literature suggests that forming implementation intentions (simple 'if-then' plans) about how to refuse the offer of a cigarette may be an effective intervention to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents. This study is a pragmatic trial to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of such an intervention in reducing smoking initiation in a sample of UK adolescents. METHODS: A cluster randomised controlled trial with at least 36 schools randomised to receive an implementation intention intervention targeting reducing smoking initiation (intervention group) or increasing homework (control group). Interventions will be conducted at the classroom level and be repeated every six months for four years (eight interventions). Objectively assessed (carbon monoxide monitor) and self-reported smoking plus smoking related cognitions (e.g., smoking intentions, attitudes, norms and self-efficacy) will be assessed at baseline and 12, 24, 36 and 48 months post baseline. Objectively assessed smoking at 48 months post baseline will be the primary outcome variable. Health economic analyses will assess life years gained. DISCUSSION: The results of the trial will provide information on the impact of a repeated implementation intention for refusing offers of cigarettes on rates of smoking initiation in adolescents.Trial registration: ISRCTN27596806.

Original language	English
Article number	54
Journal	BMC Public Health
Volume	13
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-54
Publication status	Published - 2013

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title = "Study protocol: A cluster randomised controlled trial of implementation intentions to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents",

abstract = "ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The current literature suggests that forming implementation intentions (simple 'if-then' plans) about how to refuse the offer of a cigarette may be an effective intervention to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents. This study is a pragmatic trial to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of such an intervention in reducing smoking initiation in a sample of UK adolescents. METHODS: A cluster randomised controlled trial with at least 36 schools randomised to receive an implementation intention intervention targeting reducing smoking initiation (intervention group) or increasing homework (control group). Interventions will be conducted at the classroom level and be repeated every six months for four years (eight interventions). Objectively assessed (carbon monoxide monitor) and self-reported smoking plus smoking related cognitions (e.g., smoking intentions, attitudes, norms and self-efficacy) will be assessed at baseline and 12, 24, 36 and 48 months post baseline. Objectively assessed smoking at 48 months post baseline will be the primary outcome variable. Health economic analyses will assess life years gained. DISCUSSION: The results of the trial will provide information on the impact of a repeated implementation intention for refusing offers of cigarettes on rates of smoking initiation in adolescents.Trial registration: ISRCTN27596806.",

author = "Mark Conner and Sarah Grogan and Rebecca Lawton and Christopher Armitage and Robert West and Kamran Siddiqi and Brenda Gannon and Carole Torgerson and Keira Flett and Ruth Simms-Ellis",

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AU - Conner, Mark

AU - Grogan, Sarah

AU - Lawton, Rebecca

AU - Armitage, Christopher

AU - West, Robert

AU - Siddiqi, Kamran

AU - Gannon, Brenda

AU - Torgerson, Carole

AU - Flett, Keira

AU - Simms-Ellis, Ruth

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The current literature suggests that forming implementation intentions (simple 'if-then' plans) about how to refuse the offer of a cigarette may be an effective intervention to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents. This study is a pragmatic trial to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of such an intervention in reducing smoking initiation in a sample of UK adolescents. METHODS: A cluster randomised controlled trial with at least 36 schools randomised to receive an implementation intention intervention targeting reducing smoking initiation (intervention group) or increasing homework (control group). Interventions will be conducted at the classroom level and be repeated every six months for four years (eight interventions). Objectively assessed (carbon monoxide monitor) and self-reported smoking plus smoking related cognitions (e.g., smoking intentions, attitudes, norms and self-efficacy) will be assessed at baseline and 12, 24, 36 and 48 months post baseline. Objectively assessed smoking at 48 months post baseline will be the primary outcome variable. Health economic analyses will assess life years gained. DISCUSSION: The results of the trial will provide information on the impact of a repeated implementation intention for refusing offers of cigarettes on rates of smoking initiation in adolescents.Trial registration: ISRCTN27596806.

AB - ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The current literature suggests that forming implementation intentions (simple 'if-then' plans) about how to refuse the offer of a cigarette may be an effective intervention to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents. This study is a pragmatic trial to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of such an intervention in reducing smoking initiation in a sample of UK adolescents. METHODS: A cluster randomised controlled trial with at least 36 schools randomised to receive an implementation intention intervention targeting reducing smoking initiation (intervention group) or increasing homework (control group). Interventions will be conducted at the classroom level and be repeated every six months for four years (eight interventions). Objectively assessed (carbon monoxide monitor) and self-reported smoking plus smoking related cognitions (e.g., smoking intentions, attitudes, norms and self-efficacy) will be assessed at baseline and 12, 24, 36 and 48 months post baseline. Objectively assessed smoking at 48 months post baseline will be the primary outcome variable. Health economic analyses will assess life years gained. DISCUSSION: The results of the trial will provide information on the impact of a repeated implementation intention for refusing offers of cigarettes on rates of smoking initiation in adolescents.Trial registration: ISRCTN27596806.

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Study protocol: A cluster randomised controlled trial of implementation intentions to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents

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