Subdividing Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 reveals Norse Viking dispersal lineages in Britain

Gurdeep Matharu Lall; Maarten H. D.  Larmuseau; Jon H  Wetton; Chiara  Batini; Pille Hallast; Tunde I.  Huszar; Daniel Zadik; Sigurd Aase; Tina Baker; Patricia  Balaresque; Walter Bodmer; Anders D. Børglum; Peter de Knijff; Hayley Dunn; Stephen E. Harding; Harald Løvvik; Berit Myhre Dupuy; Horolma Pamjav; Andreas O. Tillmar; Maciej Tomaszewski; Chris Tyler-Smith; Marta Pereira Verdugo; Bruce Winney; Pragya Vohra; Joanna Story; Turi E. King; Mark A. Jobling

doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-020-00747-z

Subdividing Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 reveals Norse Viking dispersal lineages in Britain

Gurdeep Matharu Lall, Maarten H. D. Larmuseau, Jon H Wetton, Chiara Batini, Pille Hallast, Tunde I. Huszar, Daniel Zadik, Sigurd Aase, Tina Baker, Patricia Balaresque, Walter Bodmer, Anders D. Børglum, Peter de Knijff, Hayley Dunn, Stephen E. Harding, Harald Løvvik, Berit Myhre Dupuy, Horolma Pamjav, Andreas O. Tillmar, Maciej TomaszewskiChris Tyler-Smith, Marta Pereira Verdugo, Bruce Winney, Pragya Vohra, Joanna Story, Turi E. King, Mark A. Jobling

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Abstract

The inﬂuence of Viking-Age migrants to the British Isles is obvious in archaeological and place-names evidence, but their demographic impact has been unclear. Autosomal genetic analyses support Norse Viking contributions to parts of Britain, but show no signal corresponding to the Danelaw, the region under Scandinavian administrative control from the ninth to eleventh centuries. Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 has been considered as a possible marker for Viking migrations because of its high frequency in peninsular Scandinavia (Norway and Sweden). Here we select ten Y-SNPs to discriminate informatively among hg R1a1 sub-haplogroups in Europe, analyse these in 619 hg R1a1 Y chromosomes including 163 from the British Isles, and also type 23 short-tandem repeats (Y-STRs) to assess internal diversity. We ﬁnd three speciﬁcally Western-European sub-haplogroups, two of which predominate in Norway and Sweden, and are also found in Britain; starlike features in the STR networks of these lineages indicate histories of expansion. We ask whether geographical distributions of hg R1a1 overall, and of the two sub-lineages in particular, correlate with regions of Scandinavian inﬂuence within Britain. Neither shows any frequency difference between regions that have higher (≥10%) or lower autosomal contributions from Norway and Sweden, but both are signiﬁcantly overrepresented in the region corresponding to the Danelaw. These differences between autosomal and Y-chromosomal histories suggest either male-speciﬁc contribution, or the inﬂuence of patrilocality. Comparison of modern DNA with recently available ancient DNA data supports the interpretation that two sub-lineages of hg R1a1 spread with the Vikings from peninsular Scandinavia.

Original language	English
Number of pages	12
Journal	European Journal of Human Genetics
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-020-00747-z
Publication status	Accepted/In press - 7 Oct 2020

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s41431-020-00747-z
© The Author(s) 2020.
Final published version, 2.3 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Lall, G. M., Larmuseau, M. H. D., Wetton, J. H., Batini, C., Hallast, P., Huszar, T. I., Zadik, D., Aase, S., Baker, T., Balaresque, P., Bodmer, W., Børglum, A. D., de Knijff, P., Dunn, H., Harding, S. E., Løvvik, H., Dupuy, B. M., Pamjav, H., Tillmar, A. O., ... Jobling, M. A. (Accepted/In press). Subdividing Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 reveals Norse Viking dispersal lineages in Britain. European Journal of Human Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-020-00747-z

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title = "Subdividing Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 reveals Norse Viking dispersal lineages in Britain",

abstract = "The inﬂuence of Viking-Age migrants to the British Isles is obvious in archaeological and place-names evidence, but their demographic impact has been unclear. Autosomal genetic analyses support Norse Viking contributions to parts of Britain, but show no signal corresponding to the Danelaw, the region under Scandinavian administrative control from the ninth to eleventh centuries. Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 has been considered as a possible marker for Viking migrations because of its high frequency in peninsular Scandinavia (Norway and Sweden). Here we select ten Y-SNPs to discriminate informatively among hg R1a1 sub-haplogroups in Europe, analyse these in 619 hg R1a1 Y chromosomes including 163 from the British Isles, and also type 23 short-tandem repeats (Y-STRs) to assess internal diversity. We ﬁnd three speciﬁcally Western-European sub-haplogroups, two of which predominate in Norway and Sweden, and are also found in Britain; starlike features in the STR networks of these lineages indicate histories of expansion. We ask whether geographical distributions of hg R1a1 overall, and of the two sub-lineages in particular, correlate with regions of Scandinavian inﬂuence within Britain. Neither shows any frequency difference between regions that have higher (≥10%) or lower autosomal contributions from Norway and Sweden, but both are signiﬁcantly overrepresented in the region corresponding to the Danelaw. These differences between autosomal and Y-chromosomal histories suggest either male-speciﬁc contribution, or the inﬂuence of patrilocality. Comparison of modern DNA with recently available ancient DNA data supports the interpretation that two sub-lineages of hg R1a1 spread with the Vikings from peninsular Scandinavia.",

author = "Lall, {Gurdeep Matharu} and Larmuseau, {Maarten H. D.} and Wetton, {Jon H} and Chiara Batini and Pille Hallast and Huszar, {Tunde I.} and Daniel Zadik and Sigurd Aase and Tina Baker and Patricia Balaresque and Walter Bodmer and B{\o}rglum, {Anders D.} and {de Knijff}, Peter and Hayley Dunn and Harding, {Stephen E.} and Harald L{\o}vvik and Dupuy, {Berit Myhre} and Horolma Pamjav and Tillmar, {Andreas O.} and Maciej Tomaszewski and Chris Tyler-Smith and Verdugo, {Marta Pereira} and Bruce Winney and Pragya Vohra and Joanna Story and King, {Turi E.} and Jobling, {Mark A.}",

note = "{\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2020.",

year = "2020",

month = oct,

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doi = "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-020-00747-z",

language = "English",

journal = "European Journal of Human Genetics",

issn = "1476-5438",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

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Lall, GM, Larmuseau, MHD, Wetton, JH, Batini, C, Hallast, P, Huszar, TI, Zadik, D, Aase, S, Baker, T, Balaresque, P, Bodmer, W, Børglum, AD, de Knijff, P, Dunn, H, Harding, SE, Løvvik, H, Dupuy, BM, Pamjav, H, Tillmar, AO, Tomaszewski, M, Tyler-Smith, C, Verdugo, MP, Winney, B, Vohra, P, Story, J, King, TE & Jobling, MA 2020, 'Subdividing Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 reveals Norse Viking dispersal lineages in Britain', European Journal of Human Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-020-00747-z

TY - JOUR

T1 - Subdividing Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 reveals Norse Viking dispersal lineages in Britain

AU - Lall, Gurdeep Matharu

AU - Larmuseau, Maarten H. D.

AU - Wetton, Jon H

AU - Batini, Chiara

AU - Hallast, Pille

AU - Huszar, Tunde I.

AU - Zadik, Daniel

AU - Aase, Sigurd

AU - Baker, Tina

AU - Balaresque, Patricia

AU - Bodmer, Walter

AU - Børglum, Anders D.

AU - de Knijff, Peter

AU - Dunn, Hayley

AU - Harding, Stephen E.

AU - Løvvik, Harald

AU - Dupuy, Berit Myhre

AU - Pamjav, Horolma

AU - Tillmar, Andreas O.

AU - Tomaszewski, Maciej

AU - Tyler-Smith, Chris

AU - Verdugo, Marta Pereira

AU - Winney, Bruce

AU - Vohra, Pragya

AU - Story, Joanna

AU - King, Turi E.

AU - Jobling, Mark A.

PY - 2020/10/7

Y1 - 2020/10/7

N2 - The inﬂuence of Viking-Age migrants to the British Isles is obvious in archaeological and place-names evidence, but their demographic impact has been unclear. Autosomal genetic analyses support Norse Viking contributions to parts of Britain, but show no signal corresponding to the Danelaw, the region under Scandinavian administrative control from the ninth to eleventh centuries. Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 has been considered as a possible marker for Viking migrations because of its high frequency in peninsular Scandinavia (Norway and Sweden). Here we select ten Y-SNPs to discriminate informatively among hg R1a1 sub-haplogroups in Europe, analyse these in 619 hg R1a1 Y chromosomes including 163 from the British Isles, and also type 23 short-tandem repeats (Y-STRs) to assess internal diversity. We ﬁnd three speciﬁcally Western-European sub-haplogroups, two of which predominate in Norway and Sweden, and are also found in Britain; starlike features in the STR networks of these lineages indicate histories of expansion. We ask whether geographical distributions of hg R1a1 overall, and of the two sub-lineages in particular, correlate with regions of Scandinavian inﬂuence within Britain. Neither shows any frequency difference between regions that have higher (≥10%) or lower autosomal contributions from Norway and Sweden, but both are signiﬁcantly overrepresented in the region corresponding to the Danelaw. These differences between autosomal and Y-chromosomal histories suggest either male-speciﬁc contribution, or the inﬂuence of patrilocality. Comparison of modern DNA with recently available ancient DNA data supports the interpretation that two sub-lineages of hg R1a1 spread with the Vikings from peninsular Scandinavia.

AB - The inﬂuence of Viking-Age migrants to the British Isles is obvious in archaeological and place-names evidence, but their demographic impact has been unclear. Autosomal genetic analyses support Norse Viking contributions to parts of Britain, but show no signal corresponding to the Danelaw, the region under Scandinavian administrative control from the ninth to eleventh centuries. Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 has been considered as a possible marker for Viking migrations because of its high frequency in peninsular Scandinavia (Norway and Sweden). Here we select ten Y-SNPs to discriminate informatively among hg R1a1 sub-haplogroups in Europe, analyse these in 619 hg R1a1 Y chromosomes including 163 from the British Isles, and also type 23 short-tandem repeats (Y-STRs) to assess internal diversity. We ﬁnd three speciﬁcally Western-European sub-haplogroups, two of which predominate in Norway and Sweden, and are also found in Britain; starlike features in the STR networks of these lineages indicate histories of expansion. We ask whether geographical distributions of hg R1a1 overall, and of the two sub-lineages in particular, correlate with regions of Scandinavian inﬂuence within Britain. Neither shows any frequency difference between regions that have higher (≥10%) or lower autosomal contributions from Norway and Sweden, but both are signiﬁcantly overrepresented in the region corresponding to the Danelaw. These differences between autosomal and Y-chromosomal histories suggest either male-speciﬁc contribution, or the inﬂuence of patrilocality. Comparison of modern DNA with recently available ancient DNA data supports the interpretation that two sub-lineages of hg R1a1 spread with the Vikings from peninsular Scandinavia.

U2 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-020-00747-z

DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-020-00747-z

M3 - Article

SN - 1476-5438

JO - European Journal of Human Genetics

JF - European Journal of Human Genetics

ER -