The 1.5-angstrom Structure of XplA-heme, an Unusual Cytochrome P450 Heme Domain That Catalyzes Reductive Biotransformation of Royal Demolition Explosive

TY - JOUR

T1 - The 1.5-angstrom Structure of XplA-heme, an Unusual Cytochrome P450 Heme Domain That Catalyzes Reductive Biotransformation of Royal Demolition Explosive

AU - Sabbadin, Federico

AU - Jackson, Rosamond

AU - Haider, Kamran

AU - Tampi, Girish

AU - Turkenburg, Johan P.

AU - Hart, Sam

AU - Bruce, Neil C.

AU - Grogan, Gideon

PY - 2009/10/9

Y1 - 2009/10/9

N2 - XplA is a cytochrome P450 of unique structural organization, consisting of a heme- domain that is C-terminally fused to its native flavodoxin redox partner. XplA, along with flavodoxin reductase XplB, has been shown to catalyze the breakdown of the nitramine explosive and pollutant hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (royal demolition explosive) by reductive denitration. The structure of the heme domain of XplA (XplA-heme) has been solved in two crystal forms: as a dimer in space group P2(1) to a resolution of 1.9 angstrom and as a monomer in space group P2(1)2(1)2 to a resolution of 1.5 angstrom, with the ligand imidazole bound at the heme iron. Although it shares the overall fold of cytochromes P450 of known structure, XplA-heme is unusual in that the kinked I-helix that traverses the distal face of the heme is broken by Met-394 and Ala-395 in place of the well conserved Asp/Glu plus Thr/Ser, important in oxidative P450s for the scission of the dioxygen bond prior to substrate oxygenation. The heme environment of XplA-heme is hydrophobic, featuring a cluster of three methionines above the heme, including Met-394. Imidazole was observed bound to the heme iron and is in close proximity to the side chain of Gln-438, which is situated over the distal face of the heme. Imidazole is also hydrogen-bonded to a water molecule that sits in place of the threonine side-chain hydroxyl exemplified by Thr-252 in Cyt-P450cam. Both Gln-438 -> Ala and Ala-395 -> Thr mutants of XplA-heme displayed markedly reduced activity compared with the wild type for royal demolition explosive degradation when combined with surrogate electron donors.

AB - XplA is a cytochrome P450 of unique structural organization, consisting of a heme- domain that is C-terminally fused to its native flavodoxin redox partner. XplA, along with flavodoxin reductase XplB, has been shown to catalyze the breakdown of the nitramine explosive and pollutant hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (royal demolition explosive) by reductive denitration. The structure of the heme domain of XplA (XplA-heme) has been solved in two crystal forms: as a dimer in space group P2(1) to a resolution of 1.9 angstrom and as a monomer in space group P2(1)2(1)2 to a resolution of 1.5 angstrom, with the ligand imidazole bound at the heme iron. Although it shares the overall fold of cytochromes P450 of known structure, XplA-heme is unusual in that the kinked I-helix that traverses the distal face of the heme is broken by Met-394 and Ala-395 in place of the well conserved Asp/Glu plus Thr/Ser, important in oxidative P450s for the scission of the dioxygen bond prior to substrate oxygenation. The heme environment of XplA-heme is hydrophobic, featuring a cluster of three methionines above the heme, including Met-394. Imidazole was observed bound to the heme iron and is in close proximity to the side chain of Gln-438, which is situated over the distal face of the heme. Imidazole is also hydrogen-bonded to a water molecule that sits in place of the threonine side-chain hydroxyl exemplified by Thr-252 in Cyt-P450cam. Both Gln-438 -> Ala and Ala-395 -> Thr mutants of XplA-heme displayed markedly reduced activity compared with the wild type for royal demolition explosive degradation when combined with surrogate electron donors.

KW - HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE RDX

KW - MOLECULAR-REPLACEMENT

KW - CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES

KW - DIOXYGEN COMPLEX

KW - WILD-TYPE

KW - DEGRADATION

KW - RHODOCOCCUS

KW - MECHANISM

KW - SYSTEM

KW - P450

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=70350509061&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1074/jbc.M109.031559

DO - 10.1074/jbc.M109.031559

M3 - Article

SN - 0021-9258

VL - 284

SP - 28467

EP - 28475

JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry

JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry

IS - 41

ER -