The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe

Iosif Lazaridis; Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg; Ayşe Acar; Ayşen Açıkkol; Anagnostis Agelarakis; Levon Aghikyan; Uğur Akyüz; Desislava Andreeva; Gojko Andrijašević; Dragana Antonović; Ian Armit; Alper Atmaca; Pavel Avetisyan; Ahmet İhsan Aytek; Krum Bacvarov; Ruben Badalyan; Stefan Bakardzhiev; Jacqueline Balen; Lorenc Bejko; Rebecca Bernardos; Andreas Bertsatos; Hanifi Biber; Ahmet Bilir; Mario Bodružić; Michelle Bonogofsky; Clive Bonsall; Dušan Borić; Nikola Borovinić; Guillermo Bravo Morante; Katharina Buttinger; Kim Callan; Francesca Candilio; Mario Carić; Olivia Cheronet; Stefan Chohadzhiev; Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou; Stella Chryssoulaki; Ion Ciobanu; Natalija Čondić; Mihai Constantinescu; Emanuela Cristiani; Brendan J Culleton; Elizabeth Curtis; Jack Davis; Tatiana I Demcenco; Valentin Dergachev; Zafer Derin; Sylvia Deskaj; Seda Devejyan; Vojislav Djordjević; Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson; Laurie R Eccles; Nedko Elenski; Atilla Engin; Nihat Erdoğan; Sabiha Erir-Pazarcı; Daniel M Fernandes; Matthew Ferry; Suzanne Freilich; Alin Frînculeasa; Michael L Galaty; Beatriz Gamarra; Boris Gasparyan; Bisserka Gaydarska; Elif Genç; Timur Gültekin; Serkan Gündüz; Tamás Hajdu; Volker Heyd; Suren Hobosyan; Nelli Hovhannisyan; Iliya Iliev; Lora Iliev; Stanislav Iliev; İlkay İvgin; Ivor Janković; Lence Jovanova; Panagiotis Karkanas; Berna Kavaz-Kındığılı; Esra Hilal Kaya; Denise Keating; Douglas J Kennett; Seda Deniz Kesici; Anahit Khudaverdyan; Krisztián Kiss; Sinan Kılıç; Paul Klostermann; Sinem Kostak Boca Negra Valdes; Saša Kovačević; Marta Krenz-Niedbała; Maja Krznarić Škrivanko; Rovena Kurti; Pasko Kuzman; Ann Marie Lawson; Catalin Lazar; Krassimir Leshtakov; Thomas E Levy; Ioannis Liritzis; Kirsi O Lorentz; Sylwia Łukasik; Matthew Mah; Swapan Mallick; Kirsten Mandl; Kristine Martirosyan-Olshansky; Roger Matthews; Wendy Matthews; Kathleen McSweeney; Varduhi Melikyan; Adam Micco; Megan Michel; Lidija Milašinović; Alissa Mittnik; Janet M Monge; Georgi Nekhrizov; Rebecca Nicholls; Alexey G Nikitin; Vassil Nikolov; Mario Novak; Iñigo Olalde; Jonas Oppenheimer; Anna Osterholtz; Celal Özdemir; Kadir Toykan Özdoğan; Nurettin Öztürk; Nikos Papadimitriou; Niki Papakonstantinou; Anastasia Papathanasiou; Lujana Paraman; Evgeny G Paskary; Nick Patterson; Ilian Petrakiev; Levon Petrosyan; Vanya Petrova; Anna Philippa-Touchais; Ashot Piliposyan; Nada Pocuca Kuzman; Hrvoje Potrebica; Bianca Preda-Bălănică; Zrinka Premužić; T Douglas Price; Lijun Qiu; Siniša Radović; Kamal Raeuf Aziz; Petra Rajić Šikanjić; Kamal Rasheed Raheem; Sergei Razumov; Amy Richardson; Jacob Roodenberg; Rudenc Ruka; Victoria Russeva; Mustafa Şahin; Ayşegül Şarbak; Emre Savaş; Constanze Schattke; Lynne Schepartz; Tayfun Selçuk; Ayla Sevim-Erol; Michel Shamoon-Pour; Henry M Shephard; Athanasios Sideris; Angela Simalcsik; Hakob Simonyan; Vitalij Sinika; Kendra Sirak; Ghenadie Sirbu; Mario Šlaus; Andrei Soficaru; Bilal Söğüt; Arkadiusz Sołtysiak; Çilem Sönmez-Sözer; Maria Stathi; Martin Steskal; Kristin Stewardson; Sharon Stocker; Fadime Suata-Alpaslan; Alexander Suvorov; Anna Szécsényi-Nagy; Tamás Szeniczey; Nikolai Telnov; Strahil Temov; Nadezhda Todorova; Ulsi Tota; Gilles Touchais; Sevi Triantaphyllou; Atila Türker; Marina Ugarković; Todor Valchev; Fanica Veljanovska; Zlatko Videvski; Cristian Virag; Anna Wagner; Sam Walsh; Piotr Włodarczak; J Noah Workman; Aram Yardumian; Evgenii Yarovoy; Alper Yener Yavuz; Hakan Yılmaz; Fatma Zalzala; Anna Zettl; Zhao Zhang; Rafet Çavuşoğlu; Nadin Rohland; Ron Pinhasi; David Reich; Ruben Davtyan

doi:10.1126/science.abm4247

The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe

Iosif Lazaridis, Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Ayşe Acar, Ayşen Açıkkol, Anagnostis Agelarakis, Levon Aghikyan, Uğur Akyüz, Desislava Andreeva, Gojko Andrijašević, Dragana Antonović, Ian Armit, Alper Atmaca, Pavel Avetisyan, Ahmet İhsan Aytek, Krum Bacvarov, Ruben Badalyan, Stefan Bakardzhiev, Jacqueline Balen, Lorenc Bejko, Rebecca BernardosAndreas Bertsatos, Hanifi Biber, Ahmet Bilir, Mario Bodružić, Michelle Bonogofsky, Clive Bonsall, Dušan Borić, Nikola Borovinić, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Katharina Buttinger, Kim Callan, Francesca Candilio, Mario Carić, Olivia Cheronet, Stefan Chohadzhiev, Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou, Stella Chryssoulaki, Ion Ciobanu, Natalija Čondić, Mihai Constantinescu, Emanuela Cristiani, Brendan J Culleton, Elizabeth Curtis, Jack Davis, Tatiana I Demcenco, Valentin Dergachev, Zafer Derin, Sylvia Deskaj, Seda Devejyan, Vojislav Djordjević, Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson, Laurie R Eccles, Nedko Elenski, Atilla Engin, Nihat Erdoğan, Sabiha Erir-Pazarcı, Daniel M Fernandes, Matthew Ferry, Suzanne Freilich, Alin Frînculeasa, Michael L Galaty, Beatriz Gamarra, Boris Gasparyan, Bisserka Gaydarska, Elif Genç, Timur Gültekin, Serkan Gündüz, Tamás Hajdu, Volker Heyd, Suren Hobosyan, Nelli Hovhannisyan, Iliya Iliev, Lora Iliev, Stanislav Iliev, İlkay İvgin, Ivor Janković, Lence Jovanova, Panagiotis Karkanas, Berna Kavaz-Kındığılı, Esra Hilal Kaya, Denise Keating, Douglas J Kennett, Seda Deniz Kesici, Anahit Khudaverdyan, Krisztián Kiss, Sinan Kılıç, Paul Klostermann, Sinem Kostak Boca Negra Valdes, Saša Kovačević, Marta Krenz-Niedbała, Maja Krznarić Škrivanko, Rovena Kurti, Pasko Kuzman, Ann Marie Lawson, Catalin Lazar, Krassimir Leshtakov, Thomas E Levy, Ioannis Liritzis, Kirsi O Lorentz, Sylwia Łukasik, Matthew Mah, Swapan Mallick, Kirsten Mandl, Kristine Martirosyan-Olshansky, Roger Matthews, Wendy Matthews, Kathleen McSweeney, Varduhi Melikyan, Adam Micco, Megan Michel, Lidija Milašinović, Alissa Mittnik, Janet M Monge, Georgi Nekhrizov, Rebecca Nicholls, Alexey G Nikitin, Vassil Nikolov, Mario Novak, Iñigo Olalde, Jonas Oppenheimer, Anna Osterholtz, Celal Özdemir, Kadir Toykan Özdoğan, Nurettin Öztürk, Nikos Papadimitriou, Niki Papakonstantinou, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Lujana Paraman, Evgeny G Paskary, Nick Patterson, Ilian Petrakiev, Levon Petrosyan, Vanya Petrova, Anna Philippa-Touchais, Ashot Piliposyan, Nada Pocuca Kuzman, Hrvoje Potrebica, Bianca Preda-Bălănică, Zrinka Premužić, T Douglas Price, Lijun Qiu, Siniša Radović, Kamal Raeuf Aziz, Petra Rajić Šikanjić, Kamal Rasheed Raheem, Sergei Razumov, Amy Richardson, Jacob Roodenberg, Rudenc Ruka, Victoria Russeva, Mustafa Şahin, Ayşegül Şarbak, Emre Savaş, Constanze Schattke, Lynne Schepartz, Tayfun Selçuk, Ayla Sevim-Erol, Michel Shamoon-Pour, Henry M Shephard, Athanasios Sideris, Angela Simalcsik, Hakob Simonyan, Vitalij Sinika, Kendra Sirak, Ghenadie Sirbu, Mario Šlaus, Andrei Soficaru, Bilal Söğüt, Arkadiusz Sołtysiak, Çilem Sönmez-Sözer, Maria Stathi, Martin Steskal, Kristin Stewardson, Sharon Stocker, Fadime Suata-Alpaslan, Alexander Suvorov, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Tamás Szeniczey, Nikolai Telnov, Strahil Temov, Nadezhda Todorova, Ulsi Tota, Gilles Touchais, Sevi Triantaphyllou, Atila Türker, Marina Ugarković, Todor Valchev, Fanica Veljanovska, Zlatko Videvski, Cristian Virag, Anna Wagner, Sam Walsh, Piotr Włodarczak, J Noah Workman, Aram Yardumian, Evgenii Yarovoy, Alper Yener Yavuz, Hakan Yılmaz, Fatma Zalzala, Anna Zettl, Zhao Zhang, Rafet Çavuşoğlu, Nadin Rohland, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich, Ruben Davtyan

Archaeology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra-West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe.

Original language	English
Article number	eabm4247
Number of pages	14
Journal	Science
Volume	377
Issue number	6609
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm4247
Publication status	Published - 26 Aug 2022

Keywords

Asia
Balkan Peninsula
Europe
Gene Flow
Genome, Human
History, Ancient
Human Migration/history
Humans
Whites/genetics

Access to Document

10.1126/science.abm4247

Cite this

Lazaridis, I., Alpaslan-Roodenberg, S., Acar, A., Açıkkol, A., Agelarakis, A., Aghikyan, L., Akyüz, U., Andreeva, D., Andrijašević, G., Antonović, D., Armit, I., Atmaca, A., Avetisyan, P., Aytek, A. İ., Bacvarov, K., Badalyan, R., Bakardzhiev, S., Balen, J., Bejko, L., ... Davtyan, R. (2022). The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe. Science, 377(6609), Article eabm4247. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm4247

@article{61b5954a40db416da0b27874d3d0d17c,

title = "The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe",

abstract = "By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra-West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe.",

keywords = "Asia, Balkan Peninsula, Europe, Gene Flow, Genome, Human, History, Ancient, Human Migration/history, Humans, Whites/genetics",

author = "Iosif Lazaridis and Song{\"u}l Alpaslan-Roodenberg and Ay{\c s}e Acar and Ay{\c s}en A{\c c}ıkkol and Anagnostis Agelarakis and Levon Aghikyan and Uğur Aky{\"u}z and Desislava Andreeva and Gojko Andrija{\v s}evi{\'c} and Dragana Antonovi{\'c} and Ian Armit and Alper Atmaca and Pavel Avetisyan and Aytek, {Ahmet İhsan} and Krum Bacvarov and Ruben Badalyan and Stefan Bakardzhiev and Jacqueline Balen and Lorenc Bejko and Rebecca Bernardos and Andreas Bertsatos and Hanifi Biber and Ahmet Bilir and Mario Bodru{\v z}i{\'c} and Michelle Bonogofsky and Clive Bonsall and Du{\v s}an Bori{\'c} and Nikola Borovini{\'c} and {Bravo Morante}, Guillermo and Katharina Buttinger and Kim Callan and Francesca Candilio and Mario Cari{\'c} and Olivia Cheronet and Stefan Chohadzhiev and Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou and Stella Chryssoulaki and Ion Ciobanu and Natalija {\v C}ondi{\'c} and Mihai Constantinescu and Emanuela Cristiani and Culleton, {Brendan J} and Elizabeth Curtis and Jack Davis and Demcenco, {Tatiana I} and Valentin Dergachev and Zafer Derin and Sylvia Deskaj and Seda Devejyan and Vojislav Djordjevi{\'c} and {Duffett Carlson}, {Kellie Sara} and Eccles, {Laurie R} and Nedko Elenski and Atilla Engin and Nihat Erdoğan and Sabiha Erir-Pazarcı and Fernandes, {Daniel M} and Matthew Ferry and Suzanne Freilich and Alin Fr{\^i}nculeasa and Galaty, {Michael L} and Beatriz Gamarra and Boris Gasparyan and Bisserka Gaydarska and Elif Gen{\c c} and Timur G{\"u}ltekin and Serkan G{\"u}nd{\"u}z and Tam{\'a}s Hajdu and Volker Heyd and Suren Hobosyan and Nelli Hovhannisyan and Iliya Iliev and Lora Iliev and Stanislav Iliev and İlkay İvgin and Ivor Jankovi{\'c} and Lence Jovanova and Panagiotis Karkanas and Berna Kavaz-Kındığılı and Kaya, {Esra Hilal} and Denise Keating and Kennett, {Douglas J} and {Deniz Kesici}, Seda and Anahit Khudaverdyan and Kriszti{\'a}n Kiss and Sinan Kılı{\c c} and Paul Klostermann and {Kostak Boca Negra Valdes}, Sinem and Sa{\v s}a Kova{\v c}evi{\'c} and Marta Krenz-Niedba{\l}a and {Krznari{\'c} {\v S}krivanko}, Maja and Rovena Kurti and Pasko Kuzman and Lawson, {Ann Marie} and Catalin Lazar and Krassimir Leshtakov and Levy, {Thomas E} and Ioannis Liritzis and Lorentz, {Kirsi O} and Sylwia {\L}ukasik and Matthew Mah and Swapan Mallick and Kirsten Mandl and Kristine Martirosyan-Olshansky and Roger Matthews and Wendy Matthews and Kathleen McSweeney and Varduhi Melikyan and Adam Micco and Megan Michel and Lidija Mila{\v s}inovi{\'c} and Alissa Mittnik and Monge, {Janet M} and Georgi Nekhrizov and Rebecca Nicholls and Nikitin, {Alexey G} and Vassil Nikolov and Mario Novak and I{\~n}igo Olalde and Jonas Oppenheimer and Anna Osterholtz and Celal {\"O}zdemir and {\"O}zdoğan, {Kadir Toykan} and Nurettin {\"O}zt{\"u}rk and Nikos Papadimitriou and Niki Papakonstantinou and Anastasia Papathanasiou and Lujana Paraman and Paskary, {Evgeny G} and Nick Patterson and Ilian Petrakiev and Levon Petrosyan and Vanya Petrova and Anna Philippa-Touchais and Ashot Piliposyan and {Pocuca Kuzman}, Nada and Hrvoje Potrebica and Bianca Preda-B{\u a}l{\u a}nic{\u a} and Zrinka Premu{\v z}i{\'c} and Price, {T Douglas} and Lijun Qiu and Sini{\v s}a Radovi{\'c} and {Raeuf Aziz}, Kamal and {Raji{\'c} {\v S}ikanji{\'c}}, Petra and {Rasheed Raheem}, Kamal and Sergei Razumov and Amy Richardson and Jacob Roodenberg and Rudenc Ruka and Victoria Russeva and Mustafa {\c S}ahin and Ay{\c s}eg{\"u}l {\c S}arbak and Emre Sava{\c s} and Constanze Schattke and Lynne Schepartz and Tayfun Sel{\c c}uk and Ayla Sevim-Erol and Michel Shamoon-Pour and Shephard, {Henry M} and Athanasios Sideris and Angela Simalcsik and Hakob Simonyan and Vitalij Sinika and Kendra Sirak and Ghenadie Sirbu and Mario {\v S}laus and Andrei Soficaru and Bilal S{\"o}ğ{\"u}t and Arkadiusz So{\l}tysiak and {\c C}ilem S{\"o}nmez-S{\"o}zer and Maria Stathi and Martin Steskal and Kristin Stewardson and Sharon Stocker and Fadime Suata-Alpaslan and Alexander Suvorov and Anna Sz{\'e}cs{\'e}nyi-Nagy and Tam{\'a}s Szeniczey and Nikolai Telnov and Strahil Temov and Nadezhda Todorova and Ulsi Tota and Gilles Touchais and Sevi Triantaphyllou and Atila T{\"u}rker and Marina Ugarkovi{\'c} and Todor Valchev and Fanica Veljanovska and Zlatko Videvski and Cristian Virag and Anna Wagner and Sam Walsh and Piotr W{\l}odarczak and Workman, {J Noah} and Aram Yardumian and Evgenii Yarovoy and Yavuz, {Alper Yener} and Hakan Yılmaz and Fatma Zalzala and Anna Zettl and Zhao Zhang and Rafet {\c C}avu{\c s}oğlu and Nadin Rohland and Ron Pinhasi and David Reich and Ruben Davtyan",

year = "2022",

month = aug,

day = "26",

doi = "10.1126/science.abm4247",

language = "English",

volume = "377",

journal = "Science",

issn = "0036-8075",

publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",

number = "6609",

}

Lazaridis, I, Alpaslan-Roodenberg, S, Acar, A, Açıkkol, A, Agelarakis, A, Aghikyan, L, Akyüz, U, Andreeva, D, Andrijašević, G, Antonović, D, Armit, I, Atmaca, A, Avetisyan, P, Aytek, Aİ, Bacvarov, K, Badalyan, R, Bakardzhiev, S, Balen, J, Bejko, L, Bernardos, R, Bertsatos, A, Biber, H, Bilir, A, Bodružić, M, Bonogofsky, M, Bonsall, C, Borić, D, Borovinić, N, Bravo Morante, G, Buttinger, K, Callan, K, Candilio, F, Carić, M, Cheronet, O, Chohadzhiev, S, Chovalopoulou, M-E, Chryssoulaki, S, Ciobanu, I, Čondić, N, Constantinescu, M, Cristiani, E, Culleton, BJ, Curtis, E, Davis, J, Demcenco, TI, Dergachev, V, Derin, Z, Deskaj, S, Devejyan, S, Djordjević, V, Duffett Carlson, KS, Eccles, LR, Elenski, N, Engin, A, Erdoğan, N, Erir-Pazarcı, S, Fernandes, DM, Ferry, M, Freilich, S, Frînculeasa, A, Galaty, ML, Gamarra, B, Gasparyan, B, Gaydarska, B, Genç, E, Gültekin, T, Gündüz, S, Hajdu, T, Heyd, V, Hobosyan, S, Hovhannisyan, N, Iliev, I, Iliev, L, Iliev, S, İvgin, İ, Janković, I, Jovanova, L, Karkanas, P, Kavaz-Kındığılı, B, Kaya, EH, Keating, D, Kennett, DJ, Deniz Kesici, S, Khudaverdyan, A, Kiss, K, Kılıç, S, Klostermann, P, Kostak Boca Negra Valdes, S, Kovačević, S, Krenz-Niedbała, M, Krznarić Škrivanko, M, Kurti, R, Kuzman, P, Lawson, AM, Lazar, C, Leshtakov, K, Levy, TE, Liritzis, I, Lorentz, KO, Łukasik, S, Mah, M, Mallick, S, Mandl, K, Martirosyan-Olshansky, K, Matthews, R, Matthews, W, McSweeney, K, Melikyan, V, Micco, A, Michel, M, Milašinović, L, Mittnik, A, Monge, JM, Nekhrizov, G, Nicholls, R, Nikitin, AG, Nikolov, V, Novak, M, Olalde, I, Oppenheimer, J, Osterholtz, A, Özdemir, C, Özdoğan, KT, Öztürk, N, Papadimitriou, N, Papakonstantinou, N, Papathanasiou, A, Paraman, L, Paskary, EG, Patterson, N, Petrakiev, I, Petrosyan, L, Petrova, V, Philippa-Touchais, A, Piliposyan, A, Pocuca Kuzman, N, Potrebica, H, Preda-Bălănică, B, Premužić, Z, Price, TD, Qiu, L, Radović, S, Raeuf Aziz, K, Rajić Šikanjić, P, Rasheed Raheem, K, Razumov, S, Richardson, A, Roodenberg, J, Ruka, R, Russeva, V, Şahin, M, Şarbak, A, Savaş, E, Schattke, C, Schepartz, L, Selçuk, T, Sevim-Erol, A, Shamoon-Pour, M, Shephard, HM, Sideris, A, Simalcsik, A, Simonyan, H, Sinika, V, Sirak, K, Sirbu, G, Šlaus, M, Soficaru, A, Söğüt, B, Sołtysiak, A, Sönmez-Sözer, Ç, Stathi, M, Steskal, M, Stewardson, K, Stocker, S, Suata-Alpaslan, F, Suvorov, A, Szécsényi-Nagy, A, Szeniczey, T, Telnov, N, Temov, S, Todorova, N, Tota, U, Touchais, G, Triantaphyllou, S, Türker, A, Ugarković, M, Valchev, T, Veljanovska, F, Videvski, Z, Virag, C, Wagner, A, Walsh, S, Włodarczak, P, Workman, JN, Yardumian, A, Yarovoy, E, Yavuz, AY, Yılmaz, H, Zalzala, F, Zettl, A, Zhang, Z, Çavuşoğlu, R, Rohland, N, Pinhasi, R, Reich, D & Davtyan, R 2022, 'The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe', Science, vol. 377, no. 6609, eabm4247. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm4247

TY - JOUR

T1 - The genetic history of the Southern Arc

T2 - A bridge between West Asia and Europe

AU - Lazaridis, Iosif

AU - Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songül

AU - Acar, Ayşe

AU - Açıkkol, Ayşen

AU - Agelarakis, Anagnostis

AU - Aghikyan, Levon

AU - Akyüz, Uğur

AU - Andreeva, Desislava

AU - Andrijašević, Gojko

AU - Antonović, Dragana

AU - Armit, Ian

AU - Atmaca, Alper

AU - Avetisyan, Pavel

AU - Aytek, Ahmet İhsan

AU - Bacvarov, Krum

AU - Badalyan, Ruben

AU - Bakardzhiev, Stefan

AU - Balen, Jacqueline

AU - Bejko, Lorenc

AU - Bernardos, Rebecca

AU - Bertsatos, Andreas

AU - Biber, Hanifi

AU - Bilir, Ahmet

AU - Bodružić, Mario

AU - Bonogofsky, Michelle

AU - Bonsall, Clive

AU - Borić, Dušan

AU - Borovinić, Nikola

AU - Bravo Morante, Guillermo

AU - Buttinger, Katharina

AU - Callan, Kim

AU - Candilio, Francesca

AU - Carić, Mario

AU - Cheronet, Olivia

AU - Chohadzhiev, Stefan

AU - Chovalopoulou, Maria-Eleni

AU - Chryssoulaki, Stella

AU - Ciobanu, Ion

AU - Čondić, Natalija

AU - Constantinescu, Mihai

AU - Cristiani, Emanuela

AU - Culleton, Brendan J

AU - Curtis, Elizabeth

AU - Davis, Jack

AU - Demcenco, Tatiana I

AU - Dergachev, Valentin

AU - Derin, Zafer

AU - Deskaj, Sylvia

AU - Devejyan, Seda

AU - Djordjević, Vojislav

AU - Duffett Carlson, Kellie Sara

AU - Eccles, Laurie R

AU - Elenski, Nedko

AU - Engin, Atilla

AU - Erdoğan, Nihat

AU - Erir-Pazarcı, Sabiha

AU - Fernandes, Daniel M

AU - Ferry, Matthew

AU - Freilich, Suzanne

AU - Frînculeasa, Alin

AU - Galaty, Michael L

AU - Gamarra, Beatriz

AU - Gasparyan, Boris

AU - Gaydarska, Bisserka

AU - Genç, Elif

AU - Gültekin, Timur

AU - Gündüz, Serkan

AU - Hajdu, Tamás

AU - Heyd, Volker

AU - Hobosyan, Suren

AU - Hovhannisyan, Nelli

AU - Iliev, Iliya

AU - Iliev, Lora

AU - Iliev, Stanislav

AU - İvgin, İlkay

AU - Janković, Ivor

AU - Jovanova, Lence

AU - Karkanas, Panagiotis

AU - Kavaz-Kındığılı, Berna

AU - Kaya, Esra Hilal

AU - Keating, Denise

AU - Kennett, Douglas J

AU - Deniz Kesici, Seda

AU - Khudaverdyan, Anahit

AU - Kiss, Krisztián

AU - Kılıç, Sinan

AU - Klostermann, Paul

AU - Kostak Boca Negra Valdes, Sinem

AU - Kovačević, Saša

AU - Krenz-Niedbała, Marta

AU - Krznarić Škrivanko, Maja

AU - Kurti, Rovena

AU - Kuzman, Pasko

AU - Lawson, Ann Marie

AU - Lazar, Catalin

AU - Leshtakov, Krassimir

AU - Levy, Thomas E

AU - Liritzis, Ioannis

AU - Lorentz, Kirsi O

AU - Łukasik, Sylwia

AU - Mah, Matthew

AU - Mallick, Swapan

AU - Mandl, Kirsten

AU - Martirosyan-Olshansky, Kristine

AU - Matthews, Roger

AU - Matthews, Wendy

AU - McSweeney, Kathleen

AU - Melikyan, Varduhi

AU - Micco, Adam

AU - Michel, Megan

AU - Milašinović, Lidija

AU - Mittnik, Alissa

AU - Monge, Janet M

AU - Nekhrizov, Georgi

AU - Nicholls, Rebecca

AU - Nikitin, Alexey G

AU - Nikolov, Vassil

AU - Novak, Mario

AU - Olalde, Iñigo

AU - Oppenheimer, Jonas

AU - Osterholtz, Anna

AU - Özdemir, Celal

AU - Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan

AU - Öztürk, Nurettin

AU - Papadimitriou, Nikos

AU - Papakonstantinou, Niki

AU - Papathanasiou, Anastasia

AU - Paraman, Lujana

AU - Paskary, Evgeny G

AU - Patterson, Nick

AU - Petrakiev, Ilian

AU - Petrosyan, Levon

AU - Petrova, Vanya

AU - Philippa-Touchais, Anna

AU - Piliposyan, Ashot

AU - Pocuca Kuzman, Nada

AU - Potrebica, Hrvoje

AU - Preda-Bălănică, Bianca

AU - Premužić, Zrinka

AU - Price, T Douglas

AU - Qiu, Lijun

AU - Radović, Siniša

AU - Raeuf Aziz, Kamal

AU - Rajić Šikanjić, Petra

AU - Rasheed Raheem, Kamal

AU - Razumov, Sergei

AU - Richardson, Amy

AU - Roodenberg, Jacob

AU - Ruka, Rudenc

AU - Russeva, Victoria

AU - Şahin, Mustafa

AU - Şarbak, Ayşegül

AU - Savaş, Emre

AU - Schattke, Constanze

AU - Schepartz, Lynne

AU - Selçuk, Tayfun

AU - Sevim-Erol, Ayla

AU - Shamoon-Pour, Michel

AU - Shephard, Henry M

AU - Sideris, Athanasios

AU - Simalcsik, Angela

AU - Simonyan, Hakob

AU - Sinika, Vitalij

AU - Sirak, Kendra

AU - Sirbu, Ghenadie

AU - Šlaus, Mario

AU - Soficaru, Andrei

AU - Söğüt, Bilal

AU - Sołtysiak, Arkadiusz

AU - Sönmez-Sözer, Çilem

AU - Stathi, Maria

AU - Steskal, Martin

AU - Stewardson, Kristin

AU - Stocker, Sharon

AU - Suata-Alpaslan, Fadime

AU - Suvorov, Alexander

AU - Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna

AU - Szeniczey, Tamás

AU - Telnov, Nikolai

AU - Temov, Strahil

AU - Todorova, Nadezhda

AU - Tota, Ulsi

AU - Touchais, Gilles

AU - Triantaphyllou, Sevi

AU - Türker, Atila

AU - Ugarković, Marina

AU - Valchev, Todor

AU - Veljanovska, Fanica

AU - Videvski, Zlatko

AU - Virag, Cristian

AU - Wagner, Anna

AU - Walsh, Sam

AU - Włodarczak, Piotr

AU - Workman, J Noah

AU - Yardumian, Aram

AU - Yarovoy, Evgenii

AU - Yavuz, Alper Yener

AU - Yılmaz, Hakan

AU - Zalzala, Fatma

AU - Zettl, Anna

AU - Zhang, Zhao

AU - Çavuşoğlu, Rafet

AU - Rohland, Nadin

AU - Pinhasi, Ron

AU - Reich, David

AU - Davtyan, Ruben

PY - 2022/8/26

Y1 - 2022/8/26

N2 - By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra-West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe.

AB - By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra-West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe.

KW - Asia

KW - Balkan Peninsula

KW - Europe

KW - Gene Flow

KW - Genome, Human

KW - History, Ancient

KW - Human Migration/history

KW - Humans

KW - Whites/genetics

U2 - 10.1126/science.abm4247

DO - 10.1126/science.abm4247

M3 - Article

C2 - 36007055

SN - 0036-8075

VL - 377

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 6609

M1 - eabm4247

ER -