The opium poppy genome and morphinan production.

TY - JOUR

T1 - The opium poppy genome and morphinan production.

AU - Guo, Li

AU - Winzer, Thilo Hans

AU - Yang, Xiaofei

AU - Li, Yi

AU - Ning, Zemin

AU - He, Zhesi

AU - Teodor, Roxana Iuliana

AU - Lu, Ying

AU - Bowser, Tim

AU - Graham, Ian Alexander

AU - Ye, Kai

PY - 2018/10/19

Y1 - 2018/10/19

N2 - Morphinan-based painkillers are derived from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). We report a draft of the opium poppy genome, with 2.72 gigabases assembled into 11 chromosomes with contig N50 and scaffold N50 of 1.77 and 204 megabases, respectively. Synteny analysis suggests a whole-genome duplication at ∼7.8 million years ago and ancient segmental or whole-genome duplication(s) that occurred before the Papaveraceae-Ranunculaceae divergence 110 million years ago. Syntenic blocks representative of phthalideisoquinoline and morphinan components of a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid cluster of 15 genes provide insight into how this cluster evolved. Paralog analysis identified P450 and oxidoreductase genes that combined to form the STORR gene fusion essential for morphinan biosynthesis in opium poppy. Thus, gene duplication, rearrangement, and fusion events have led to evolution of specialized metabolic products in opium poppy.

AB - Morphinan-based painkillers are derived from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). We report a draft of the opium poppy genome, with 2.72 gigabases assembled into 11 chromosomes with contig N50 and scaffold N50 of 1.77 and 204 megabases, respectively. Synteny analysis suggests a whole-genome duplication at ∼7.8 million years ago and ancient segmental or whole-genome duplication(s) that occurred before the Papaveraceae-Ranunculaceae divergence 110 million years ago. Syntenic blocks representative of phthalideisoquinoline and morphinan components of a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid cluster of 15 genes provide insight into how this cluster evolved. Paralog analysis identified P450 and oxidoreductase genes that combined to form the STORR gene fusion essential for morphinan biosynthesis in opium poppy. Thus, gene duplication, rearrangement, and fusion events have led to evolution of specialized metabolic products in opium poppy.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85054457677&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1126/science.aat4096

DO - 10.1126/science.aat4096

M3 - Article

SN - 0036-8075

VL - 362

SP - 343

EP - 347

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 6412

ER -