Abstract
We report on the advantages and problems of using toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models for the analysis, understanding, and simulation of sublethal effects. Only a few toxicodynamic approaches for sublethal effects are available. These differ in their effect mechanism and emphasis on linkages between endpoints. We discuss how the distinction between quantal and graded endpoints and the type of linkage between endpoints can guide model design and selection. Strengths and limitations of two main approaches and possible ways forward are outlined. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2519-2524. (C) 2011 SETAC
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 2519-2524 |
Number of pages | 6 |
Journal | Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry |
Volume | 30 |
Issue number | 11 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Nov 2011 |
Keywords
- Dynamic energy budget
- Mechanistic effect model
- DAPHNIA-MAGNA
- ORGANIC-CHEMICALS
- Toxicity
- BIOLOGY-BASED APPROACH
- TIME-VARYING CONCENTRATIONS
- BINARY-MIXTURES
- Dose-response
- GAMMARUS-PULEX
- MIXTURE TOXICITY
- PULSED EXPOSURE
- Adverse outcome pathway
- POPULATION-DYNAMICS
- HYALELLA-AZTECA