Abstract
Randomness is a central feature of quantum mechanics and an invaluable resource for both classical and quantum technologies. Commonly, in Device-Independent and Semi-Device-Independent scenarios, randomness is certified using projective measurements, and its amount is bounded by the quantum system’s dimension. Here, we propose a Source-Device-Independent protocol, based on Positive Operator Valued Measurement (POVM), which can arbitrarily increase the number of certified bits for any fixed dimension. Additionally, the proposed protocol doesn’t require an initial seed and active basis switching, simplifying its experimental implementation and increasing the generation rates. A tight lower-bound on the quantum conditional min-entropy is derived using only the POVM structure and the experimental expectation values, taking into account the quantum side-information. For symmetric POVM on the Bloch sphere, we derive closed-form analytical bounds. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate our method with a compact and simple photonic setup that employs polarization-encoded qubits and POVM up to 6 outcomes.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 273 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Communications Physics |
| Volume | 5 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 5 Dec 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was supported by: "Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Padova e Rovigo” with the project QUASAR, and by the call "Ricerca Scientifica di Eccellenza 2018”; MIUR (Italian Minister for Education) under the initiative "Departments of Excellence” (Law 232/2016); EU-H2020 program under the Marie Sklodowska Curie action, project QCALL (Grant No. GA 675662).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).