Understanding the patterns and health impact of indoor air pollutant exposures in Bradford, UK: a study protocol

Erika Ikeda*, Jacqueline Hamilton, Chantelle Wood, Lia Chatzidiakou, Thomas Warburton, Athina Ruangkanit, Yunqi Shao, Denisa Genes, Dagmar Waiblinger, Tiffany C. Yang, Chiara Giorio, Gordon McFiggans, Simon P. O'Meara, Pete Edwards, Elizabeth Bates, David R. Shaw, Roderic L. Jones, Nicola Carslaw, Rosemary McEachan

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Introduction Relative to outdoor air pollution, there is little evidence examining the composition and concentrations of indoor air pollution and its associated health impacts. The INGENIOUS project aims to provide the comprehensive understanding of indoor air pollution in UK homes. Methods and analysis 'Real Home Assessment' is a cross-sectional, multimethod study within INGENIOUS. This study monitors indoor air pollutants over 2 weeks using low-cost sensors placed in three rooms in 300 Born in Bradford (BiB) households. Building audits are completed by researchers, and participants are asked to complete a home survey and a health and behaviour questionnaire, in addition to recording household activities and health symptoms on at least 1 weekday and 1 weekend day. A subsample of 150 households will receive more intensive measurements of volatile organic compound and particulate matter for 3 days. Qualitative interviews conducted with 30 participants will identify key barriers and enablers of effective ventilation practices. Outdoor air pollution is measured in 14 locations across Bradford to explore relationships between indoor and outdoor air quality. Data will be analysed to explore total concentrations of indoor air pollutants, how these vary with building characteristics, and whether they are related to health symptoms. Interviews will be analysed through content and thematic analysis. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained from the NHS Health Research Authority Yorkshire and the Humber (Bradford Leeds) Research Ethics Committee (22/YH/0288). We will disseminate findings using our websites, social media, publications and conferences. Data will be open access through the BiB, the Open Science Framework and the UK Data Service.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere081099
Number of pages11
JournalBMJ Open
Volume13
Issue number12
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 6 Dec 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
INGENIOUS is funded by UK Research and Innovation Natural Environment Research Council (NE/W002256/1) and has undergone a rigorous peer-review process as part of the application process. RM received funding from the National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Collaboration for Yorkshire and Humber (NHIR200166). AR is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council PANORAMA Doctoral Training Programme. The Zephyr sensor network utilised in the project is operated by City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council and was purchased using a Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Air Quality Grant obtained by the local authority. The funders have no role in the design of the study, the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, the writing of the manuscript and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the National Institute for Health and Care Research or the Department of Health and Social Care.

Funding Information:
Born in Bradford is only possible because of the enthusiasm and commitment of the children and parents in BiB. We are grateful to all the participants, health professionals, schools and researchers who have made Born in Bradford happen. We would like to acknowledge Kane Armatage and Sally Jones from the City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council for their involvement in outdoor air quality monitoring. INGENIOUS is funded by UK Research and Innovation Natural Environment Research Council (NE/W002256/1) and has undergone a rigorous peer-review process as part of the application process. RM received funding from the National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Collaboration for Yorkshire and Humber (NHIR200166). AR is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council PANORAMA Doctoral Training Programme. The Zephyr sensor network utilised in the project is operated by City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council and was purchased using a Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Air Quality Grant obtained by the local authority. The funders have no role in the design of the study, the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, the writing of the manuscript and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the National Institute for Health and Care Research or the Department of Health and Social Care.

Publisher Copyright:
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

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